Il ruolo del contenzioso climatico strategico nell’attuazione dell’Accordo di Parigi: risultati del Tribunale Distrettuale dell’Aia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5020/2317-2150.2025.15984Parole chiave:
cambiamento climatico, Accordo di Parigi, Tribunale Distrettuale dell’Aia, contenzioso climatico strategicoAbstract
Il cambiamento climatico è diventato una questione globale che richiede risposte coordinate. In tale contesto, l’Accordo di Parigi svolge un ruolo centrale nell’affrontare questa sfida transnazionale, accanto ad altri strumenti, come il contenzioso climatico strategico. Il presente articolo analizza in che modo il contenzioso climatico strategico possa contribuire all’attuazione dell’Accordo di Parigi, garantendo la protezione del clima e, per estensione, dei diritti umani, attraverso un’analisi incentrata sui casi del Tribunale Distrettuale dell’Aia. Si apre con una discussione sul regime climatico internazionale, con particolare attenzione all’Accordo di Parigi e alle difficoltà della sua attuazione, al fine di stabilire le basi per l’analisi successiva. Si esaminano quindi le principali dimensioni del contenzioso climatico, in particolare il numero crescente di procedimenti legati al clima a livello globale, e la sua modalità strategica. Infine, si analizzano casi chiave dinanzi al Tribunale Distrettuale dell’Aia per esplorare in che modo l’intervento giudiziario possa sostenere l’attuazione effettiva degli impegni assunti da quasi 200 Paesi. La ricerca adotta una metodologia empirica e qualitativa, analizzando i casi trattati dal tribunale tra il 2015 e il primo semestre del 2025. Si segue una struttura argomentativa di tipo induttivo, collegando teoria e prassi. Si conclude che il contenzioso climatico strategico emerge come un meccanismo rilevante per l’applicazione dell’Accordo di Parigi, data l’inadeguatezza delle azioni attuali da parte degli Stati e delle imprese. Il ricorso al potere giudiziario diventa essenziale per chiamare gli Stati a rispondere delle loro obbligazioni internazionali e per costringere gli attori privati ad adeguarsi alle urgenti esigenze della governance climatica.
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