The European Union’s forest diplomacy: A path toward ostensible environmental sustainability

Ana Flávia Trevizan

doi:10.5020/2317-2150.2025.16353

Autores/as

Ana Flávia Trevizan University of Nottingham, Rights Lab, Nottingham, England https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4365-6053

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5020/2317-2150.2025.16353

Palabras clave:

Política ambiental europea, gobernanza forestal, sostenibilidad fuerte, justicia ecológica, relaciones Norte–Sur

Resumen

La Unión Europea (UE) se ha consolidado como un actor principal en la gobernanza climática internacional; sin embargo, su desempeño en el sector forestal sigue limitado por las tensiones entre las dimensiones económica, social y ambiental. Aunque el derecho primario de la UE y los instrumentos como la Aplicación de las Leyes, Gobernanza y Comercio Forestales (FLEGT, por sus siglas en inglés) y el Reglamento sobre Productos Libres de Deforestación proyectan una ambición de liderazgo global sostenible, la práctica revela el predominio de una sostenibilidad débil, restringida al equilibrio económico y a una regulación mínima de los impactos ambientales. Este artículo propone la justicia socioecológica como marco teórico para evaluar la diplomacia forestal de la UE, sosteniendo que su legitimidad se fortalecerá únicamente mediante la incorporación efectiva de la paridad participativa, la equidad Norte–Sur y la inclusión de comunidades vulnerables en la toma de decisiones. Sin tales ajustes, la diplomacia forestal de la UE corre el riesgo de reproducir modelos eurocéntricos, debilitando así su misión de liderazgo sostenible a escala global.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Biografía del autor/a

Ana Flávia Trevizan, University of Nottingham, Rights Lab, Nottingham, England

Researcher at the University of Nottingham, Rights Lab, Project 28709221: PR03241 — British Council International ECR.
PhD in Climate Change Policy and Sustainable Development from Nova University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.

Citas

ARAGÃO, M. A. de S. O princípio do nível elevado de protecção e a renovação ecológica do direito do ambiente e dos resíduos. Coimbra: Almedina, 2006.

BARTON, J. R.; ROMÁN, Á. Social movement strategies for articulating claims for socio-ecological justice: Global asymmetries in the Chilean forestry sector. Globalizations, [s. l.], v. 9, n. 6, p. 869–885, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2012.739346

BRADFORD, A. The Brussels effect. Northwestern University Law Review, [s. l.], v. 107, n. 1, p. 1-67, 2012.

BRADFORD, A. The Brussels effect: How the European Union rules the world. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020.

COMISSÃO EUROPEIA. Comunicação da Comissão ao Parlamento Europeu, ao Conselho, ao Comité Económico e Social Europeu e ao Comité das Regiões, 739 final, 2016, Estrasburgo. Ação europeia para a sustentabilidade. Estrasburgo, 22.11.2016. Disponível em: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/PT/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52016DC0739. Acesso em: 29 sep. 2025.

COMISSÃO EUROPEIA. Documento de reflexão para uma Europa sustentável até 2030. Bruxelas: Comissão Europeia, 30.1.2019. Disponível em: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:21b348d0-261f-11e9-8d04-01aa75ed71a1.0016.02/DOC_1&format=PDF. Acesso em: 29 sep. 2025.

COMISSÃO MUNDIAL SOBRE MEIO AMBIENTE E DESENVOLVIMENTO. Our common future: Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED). New York: United Nations 1987. Disponível em: https://www.are.admin.ch/are/en/home/media/publications/sustainable-development/brundtland-report.html. Acesso em: 29 sep. 2025.

ERITJA, M. C. The European Union and global environmental protection: Transforming influence into action. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020.

FIGUEROA, F. C. European influence on the development of domestic policies in Chile and Mexico: The case of higher education. 2013. Tese (Doutorado of Philosophy) – University of Birmingham, Birmingham , Reino Unido, 2013. Disponível em: https://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/3855/. Acesso em: 29 sep. 2025.

FRASER, N.; HONNETH, A. Redistribution or recognition? A political-philosophical exchange. London: Verso, 2003.

GARCÍA, M. J.; ARANTZA, G. A. Latin America–European Union relations in the twenty-first century. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2022. E-book. Disponível em: https://manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk/9781526136510/. Acesso em: 29 sep. 2025.

GEBARA, M.; SILLS, E.; MAY, P.; FORSYTH, T. Deconstructing the policyscape for reducing deforestation in the Eastern Amazon: Practical insights for a landscape approach. Environmental Policy and Governance, [s. l.], v. 29, n. 3, p. 185–197, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.1846

GROSSMANN, K.; CONNOLLY, J. J.; DERENIOWSKA, M.; MATTIOLI, G.; NITSCHKE, L.; THOMAS, N.; VARO, A. From sustainable development to social-ecological justice: Addressing taboos and naturalizations in order to shift perspective. Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, [s. l.], v. 5, n. 3, p. 1405–1427, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/25148486211029427

HAIDER, W.; GRUBER, N.; LINDORFER, M.; ANSION, J.; VARGAS, S.; TIRADO, S. Research trajectories on social issues in the EU, (CE)LAC and beyond: How the social dimension of the EU and (CE) LAC frame EU-(CE) LAC social relations (5.1). 2018. Disponível em:

https://www.zsi.at/object/project/4060/attach/0_DZE_D5_1_FINAL_DOCUMENT_May_2018.pdf. Acesso em: 29 sep. 2025.

JÄHNICHEN, T. ‘Ecological justice’: Towards an integrative concept of the protection of creation. HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies, [s. l.], v. 78, n. 2, p. 1-5, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v78i2.7738

KIM, R. E.; KOTZÉ, L. J. Planetary boundaries at the intersection of Earth system law, science and governance: A state‐of‐the‐art review. Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, [s. l.], v. 30, n. 1, p. 3–15, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12383

KOZIEN, E.; KOZIEN, A. The sustainability development concept under the regulations in force of the treaty on European Union and the treaty on the functioning of the European Union – legal and economical view. Economic and Social Development: Book of Proceedings, 2018, p. 402–412.

KRÄMER, L. Global environmental challenges and the EU. ERA Forum, [s. l.], v. 21, n. 2, p. 341–360, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12027-018-0544-1

LEHTONEN, M. The environmental–social interface of sustainable development: Capabilities, social capital, institutions. Ecological Economics, [s. l.], v. 49, n. 2, p. 199–214, 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.03.019

MEADOWS, D. H.; MEADOWS, D. L.; RANDERS, J.; BEHRENS III, W. W. Limits to growth: A report for the Club of Rome’s Project on the Predicament of Mankind. New York: Universe Books, 1972.

OVERDEVEST, C.; ZEITLIN, J. Experimentalism in transnational forest governance: Implementing European Union Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) Voluntary Partnership Agreements in Indonesia and Ghana. Regulation & Governance, [s. l.], v. 12, n. 1, p. 64–87, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12180

PARLAMENTO EUROPEU. Política ambiental: Princípios gerais e quadro de base. Parlamento Europeu, Bruxelas, 2023. Disponível em: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets/pt/sheet/71/politica-ambiental-principios-gerais-e-quadro-de-base. Acesso em: 29 sep. 2025.

RAMCILOVIC-SUOMINEN, S.; PÜLZL, H. Sustainable development – A ‘selling point’ of the emerging EU bioeconomy policy framework? Journal of Cleaner Production, [s. l.], v. 172, p. 4170–4180, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.157

SANTOS, R. F.; ANTUNES, P.; RING, I.; CLEMENTE, P. Engaging local private and public actors in biodiversity conservation: The role of agri-environmental schemes and ecological fiscal transfers. Environmental Policy and Governance, [s. l.], v. 25, n. 2, p. 83–96, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.1661

SOROMENHO-MARQUES, V. O futuro frágil: Os desafios da crise global do ambiente. Lisboa: Europa-América, 1998.

SOTIROV, M.; ARTS, B. Integrated forest governance in Europe: An introduction to the special issue on forest policy integration and integrated forest management. Land Use Policy, [s. l.], v. 79, p. 960–967, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.03.042

TRATADO da União Europeia (Tratado de Maastricht). Jornal Oficial das Comunidades Europeias, Nº C 191/112, 29 jul. 1992. Disponível em: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/PT/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:11992M/TXT. Acesso em: 29 sep. 2025.

TRATADO da União Europeia (Tratado de Maastricht). Jornal Oficial da União Europeia, Nº C 202/45, 7 jun. 2016. Disponível em: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:9e8d52e1-2c70-11e6-b497-01aa75ed71a1.0019.01/DOC_2&format=PDF. Acesso em: 29 sep. 2025.

TREVIZAN, A. F. Exploring the Brussels Effect: the European Union’s impact on brazilian forestry policies. Revista de Direito, [s. l.], v. 16, n. 01, p. 01–25, 2024a. DOI: 10.32361/2024160116014. Disponível em: https://periodicos.ufv.br/revistadir/article/view/16014. Acesso em: 29 sep. 2025.

TREVIZAN, A. F. A influência da União Europeia na sustentabilidade global: Enfoque jurídico do Efeito Bruxelas no comércio de produtos florestais em Mato Grosso. 2024. Tese (Doutorado em Alterações Climáticas e Políticas de Desenvolvimento Sustentável) — Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal, 2024b. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10362/177875. Acesso em: 29 sep. 2025.

TREVIZAN, A. F.; LEAL, A. M. M.; VALLE, V. E. N. Forest trade on the Amazon frontier and its interaction with the EUDR. International Journal for the Semiotics of Law, [s. l.], v. 38, p. 1639–1662, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11196-025-10250-7

UNITED NATIONS. Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. New York: United Nations, 2015. Disponível em: https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda. Acesso em: 29 sep. 2025.

WALKER, N.; PATEL, S.; KALIF, K. From Amazon pasture to the high street: Deforestation and the Brazilian cattle product supply chain. Tropical Conservation Science, [s. l.], v. 6, n. 3, p. 446–467, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/194008291300600309