Capacidad Absortiva en el Sector Público: Análisis de la Producción Científica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5020/2318-0722.2025.31.e16102Palabras clave:
capacidad absortiva, sector público, revisión de la literatura, producción científicaResumen
Este estudio analiza la producción científica sobre la capacidad absortiva en el sector público y tiene como objetivo comprender cómo este constructo, originalmente desarrollado en el contexto de las empresas privadas, se ha adaptado a la gestión pública, así como sus especificidades y principales lagunas de investigación. A diferencia del sector privado, la gestión pública opera bajo lógicas no mercadológicas y restricciones institucionales, lo que impone desafíos a la transposición de modelos teóricos orientados a la ventaja competitiva. La investigación adopta un enfoque mixto, combinando el análisis bibliométrico y la revisión sistematizada de la literatura, una estrategia adecuada para campos aún incipientes. La recolección de datos se realizó en tres bases de datos: Scielo, Scopus y Web of Science, considerando estudios empíricos publicados entre 1990 y 2025. Inicialmente se recuperaron 205 estudios, de los cuales, tras la exclusión de duplicados y la aplicación de los criterios de elegibilidad, restaron 17 artículos analizados. Los resultados indican una creciente aplicación de la capacidad absortiva en el sector público, especialmente asociada a la innovación, al desempeño organizacional y a la adopción de sistemas de información, no para la obtención de ventajas competitivas, sino para la mejora de la prestación de servicios y el apoyo en la toma de decisiones. Se observa una concentración en las etapas iniciales del proceso absortivo (adquisición y asimilación), con una menor atención a las fases de transformación y explotación. Además, predomina la adaptación de modelos provenientes del sector privado, con avances limitados en la construcción de enfoques teóricos sensibles a las especificidades institucionales del sector público. Como contribución teórica, el artículo sistematiza críticamente el campo, evidenciando la necesidad de modelos teóricos con mayor adherencia a las dinámicas del sector público.
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