Dataficação de Crianças: Um Estudo sobre Digitalização, Termos de Consentimento e o Comportamento de Crianças, Pais e Responsáveis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5020/2318-0722.2023.29.e13485Palavras-chave:
dataficação, crianças, survey, termos de consentimento , pandemiaResumo
As tecnologias digitais alcançam quase todos os aspectos da vida das pessoas, suas residências, trabalhos e ensino, seja de adultos, idosos ou crianças. Contudo, o conhecimento a respeito dessa digitalização da vida sobre as crianças e o quanto pais, mães e demais tutores conseguem controlar esse fenômeno e o alcance das organizações sobre esse grupo, ainda é desconhecido. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi levantar e analisar o consumo de dispositivos, plataformas e aplicativos digitais por crianças, na percepção de pais e tutores, e o comportamento desses em relação aos Termos de Consentimento. Para tanto, efetuamos um survey com 516 participantes, e executamos uma análise fatorial e análises paramétricas entre grupos de respondentes. Entre os resultados, observamos que pais e tutores raramente leem os Termos de Consentimento que mediam as relações entre as crianças e as organizações plataformizadas, mas percebem o consumo de dispositivos e mídias digitais pelas crianças maiores de cinco anos de idade como exacerbado, e ampliado durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Além disso, a influência das mídias digitais no consumo e comportamento das crianças pode maior se a criança possuir um dispositivo exclusivo para seu entretenimento.
Downloads
Referências
Abidin, C. (2020). Pre-school stars on Youtube. In: Green, L., Holloway, D., Stevenson, K., Leaver, T., & Haddon, L. (Eds.) The Routledge Companion to Digital Media and Children, New York: Routledge, 226-234.
Alaimo, C. (2021). From People to Objects: The digital transformation of fields. Organization Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F01708406211030654
Alaimo, C., & Kallinikos, J. (2017). Computing the everyday: Social media as data platforms. The Information Society, 33(4), 175-191. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2017.1318327
Babbie, E. R. (2001). Métodos de pesquisa de survey. Belo Horizonte: Editora UFMG.
Balmford, W., Hjorth, L., & Richardson, I. (2021) Taking over the Home: Children’s Mobile Media Play in Domestic Space. In: Holloway, D., Wilson, M. A., Murcia, K., Archer, C., & Stocco, F. (Eds.). Young Children’s Right in a Digital Worls: Play, Design and Pratice. Cham: Springer.
Beer, D. G. (2017). The Social Power of Algorithms. Information, Communication and Society, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1216147
Belli, L., & Venturini, J. (2016). Private ordering and the rise of terms of service as cyber-regulation. Internet Policy Review, 5(4), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.14763/2016.4.441
Bickman, L. & Rog, D.J. (1997) Handbook of applied social research methods. Thousand Oaks, Sage.
Brasil. (2014, abril). Lei nº 13.079, de 14 de agosto de 2018. Dispõe sobre a proteção de dados pessoais e altera a Lei nº 12.965, de 23 de abril de 2014.
Brito, R., Dias, P., & Oliveira, G. (2018). Young children, digital media and smart toys: How perceptions shape adoption and domestication. British Journal of Educational Technology, 49(5), 807-820. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12655
Bucher, E. L., Schou, P. K., & Waldkirch, M. (2021). Pacifying the algorithm–Anticipatory compliance in the face of algorithmic management in the gig economy. Organization, 28(1), 44-67. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1350508420961531
Carter, D. (2018). How real is the impact of artificial intelligence? The business information survey 2018. Business Information Review, 35(3), 99-115. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0266382118790150
Chandler, D., & Fuchs, C. (2019). Digital objects, digital subjects: interdisciplinary perspectives on capitalism, labour and politics in the age of Big Data. University of Westminster Press.
Chang, F. C., Chiu, C. H., Chen, P. H., Chiang, J. T., Miao, N. F., Chuang, H. Y., & Liu, S. (2019). Children's use of mobile devices, smartphone addiction and parental mediation in Taiwan. Computers in Human Behavior, 93, 25-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.11.048
Chetioui, Y., Butt, I., & Lebdaoui, H. (2021). Facebook advertising, eWOM and consumer purchase intention-Evidence from a collectivistic emerging market. Journal of Global Marketing, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/08911762.2021.1891359
Clarke, A., Parsell, C., & Lata, L. N. (2021). Surveilling the marginalised: How manual, embodied and territorialised surveillance persists in the age of ‘dataveillance’. The Sociological Review, 69(2), 396-413. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0038026120954785
Cohen, J. E. (2019). Between truth and power: The legal constructions of informational capitalism. Oxford University Press.
Collins, C., Ocampo, O., & Paslaski, S. (2020). Billionaire Bonanza 2020. Institute for Policy Studies. Publicado em 23 de abril de 2020. Disponível em: https://ips-dc.org/billionaire-bonanza-2020/
Couldry, N. (2014). Inaugural: A necessary disenchantment: Myth, agency and injustice in a digital world. The Sociological Review, 62(4), 880-897. http://doi.org/10.1111/1467-954X.12158
Couldry, N., & Mejias, U. A. (2019a). Data colonialism: Rethinking big data’s relation to the contemporary subject. Television & New Media, 20(4), 336-349. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1527476418796632
Couldry, N., & Mejias, U. A. (2019b). The costs of connection: How data is colonizing human life and appropriating it for capitalism. Stanford University Press.
Coulter, N. (2021). Child Studies meets digital media: Rethinking the paradigms. In: Green, L., Holloway, D., Stevenson, K., Leaver, T., & Haddon, L. (Eds.) The Routledge Companion to Digital Media and Children, New York: Routledge, 7-16.
Dancey, C. P. & Reidy. J. (2006). Estatística sem matemática para psicologia. 3. ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed.
Das, K., & Behera, R. N. (2017). A survey on machine learning: concept, algorithms and applications. International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, 5(2), 1301-1309. https://doi.org/0.15680/IJIRCCE.2017. 0502001
Davenport, T. (2014). Big data at work: dispelling the myths, uncovering the opportunities. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press.
Elmholdt, K. T., Elmholdt, C., & Haahr, L. (2021). Counting sleep: Ambiguity, aspirational control and the politics of digital self-tracking at work. Organization, 28(1), 164-185. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1350508420970475
Eubanks, V. (2018). Automating inequality: How high-tech tools profile, police, and punish the poor. St. Martin's Press.
Farooq, A., Laato, S., & Najmul Islam, A. K. M. (2020). Impact of online information on self-isolation intention during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(5). https://doi.org/10.2196/19128
Ferreira, F., & Barbosa, B. (2017). Consumers' attitude toward Facebook advertising. International Journal of Electronic Marketing and Retailing, 8(1), 45-57. https://ideas.repec.org/a/ids/ijemre/v8y2017i1p45-57.html
Forgó, N., Hänold, S., & Schütze, B. (2017). The principle of purpose limitation and big data. In New technology, big data and the law. Springer: Singapore, 17-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5038-1_2
French, M., & Monahan, T. (2020). Editorial: Dis-ease Surveillance: How Might Surveillance Studies Address COVID-19? Surveillance & Society, 18(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.24908/ss.v18i1.13985
Gangneux, J. (2019). Rethinking social media for qualitative research: The use of Facebook Activity Logs and Search History in interview settings. The Sociological Review, 67(6), 1249-1264. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0038026119859742
Hair, J.; Anderson, R. E.; Tatham, R. L. & Black, W. C. (2005). Análise multivariada de dados. 5. ed. Porto Alegre: Bookman.
Hirsch, D. D. (2013). The glass house effect: Big Data, the new oil, and the power of analogy. Me. L. Rev., 66, 373. https://digitalcommons.mainelaw.maine.edu/mlr/vol66/iss2/3
Holloway, D., Green, L., & Livingstone, S. (2013). Zero to eight: Young children and their internet use. EU Kids Online. London: LSE.
Horst, H. A., & Gaspard, L. (2021). Platforms, Participation and Place: Understanding Young People’s Changing Digital Media Worlds. In: Green, L., Holloway, D., Stevenson, K., Leaver, T., & Haddon, L. (Eds.) The Routledge Companion to Digital Media and Children, New York: Routledge, 36-47.
Kaibel, C., & Biemann, T. (2021). Rethinking the gold standard with multi-armed bandits: Machine learning allocation algorithms for experiments. Organizational Research Methods, 24(1), 78-103. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1094428119854153
Kant, T. (2020). Making it personal: Algorithmic personalization, identity, and everyday life. Oxford: Oxford University Press, USA.
Kellogg, K. C., Valentine, M. A., & Christin, A. (2020). Algorithms at work: The new contested terrain of control. Academy of Management Annals, 14(1), 366-410. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2018.0174
Kerlinger, F. (1980). Metodologia da pesquisa em ciências sociais: um tratamento conceitual. São Paulo: EPU.
Kumar, R. (2005). Research methodology: a step-by-step guide for beginners. London: SAGE.
Kwet, M. (2019). Digital colonialism: US empire and the new imperialism in the global south. Race & Class, 60(4), 3-26. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0306396818823172
Lammi, I. J. (2021). Automating to control: The unexpected consequences of modern automated work delivery in practice. Organization, 28(1), 115-131. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1350508420968179
Lauricella, A. R., Wartella, E., & Rideout, V. J. (2015). Young children's screen time: The complex role of parent and child factors. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 36, 11-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2014.12.001
Laybats, C., & Davies, J. (2018). GDPR: implementing the regulations. Business Information Review, 35(2), 81-83. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0266382118777808
Leonardi, P. M., & Treem, J. W. (2020). Behavioral visibility: A new paradigm for organization studies in the age of digitization, digitalization, and datafication. Organization Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0170840620970728
Levine, L. E., Waite, B. M., Bowman, L. L., & Kachinsky, K. (2019). Mobile media use by infants and toddlers. Computers in Human Behavior, 94, 92-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.12.045
Lindgren, S. (2017). Digital media and society. London: Sage.
Liu, H. (2007). Social network profiles as taste performances. Journal of computer-mediated communication, 13(1), 252-275. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00395.x
Livingstone, S., Third, A., & Lansdown, G. (2021). Children’s rights in the digital enviroment: A challenging terrain for evidence-based policy. In: Green, L., Holloway, D., Stevenson, K., Leaver, T., & Haddon, L. (Eds.) The Routledge Companion to Digital Media and Children, New York: Routledge, 378-389.
Mascheroni, G. (2020). Datafied childhoods: Contextualising datafication in everyday life. Current Sociology, 68(6), 798-813. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0011392118807534
Mayer-Schönberger, V., & Cukier, K. (2013). Big data: A revolution that will transform how we live, work, and think. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Mayer-Schönberger, V., & Ramge, T. (2018). Reinventing capitalism in the age of big data. New York: Basic Books.
Medhat, W., Hassan, A., & Korashy, H. (2014). Sentiment analysis algorithms and applications: A survey. Ain Shams engineering journal, 5(4), 1093-1113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2014.04.011
Meirelles, F. (2020). 31ª Pesquisa Anual do FGVcia: Uso da TI nas Empresas. Disponível em: https://eaesp.fgv.br/sites/eaesp.fgv.br/files/u68/fgvcia2020pesti-resultados_0.pdf
Mejias, U. A. (2013). Off the network: Disrupting the digital world (Vol. 41). U of Minnesota Press.
Morozov, E. (2018). Big Tech. São Paulo: Ubu Editora.
Netemeyer, R. G.; Bearden, W. O. & Sharma, S. (2003). Scaling procedures: issues and applications. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
Neves, I. B. S., Vianna, F. R. P. M., & do Nascimento Sutil, B. (2021). Algocracy: A critical analysis on management mediated by algorithms. Contextus–Revista Contemporânea de Economia e Gestão, 19, 246-256. https://doi.org/10.19094/contextus.2021.67949
Nunnally, J. (1967). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Obar, J. A. (2020). Sunlight alone is not a disinfectant: Consent and the futility of opening Big Data black boxes (without assistance). Big Data & Society, 7(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2053951720935615
Obar, J. A., & Oeldorf-Hirsch, A. (2018). The clickwrap: A political economic mechanism for manufacturing consent on social media. Social Media+ Society, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2056305118784770
Ofcom (2017). Children and Parents: Media use and attitudes report, Ofcom, London. Available at www.ofcom.org.uk/research-anddata/medialiteracyresearch/children/children-parents-nov16.
Ofcom (2020). Children’s Media Lives: Life in Lockdown, Ofcom, London, August 2020.
O'neil, C. (2016). Weapons of math destruction: How big data increases inequality and threatens democracy. New York: Broadway Books
Paiva, F. (2021). Panorama Mobiletime / Opinion box: Crianças e Samrtphones no Brasil. Acesso em 30 de novembro de 2021. Disponível em https://www.mobiletime.com.br/pesquisas/criancas-e-smartphones-no-brasil-outubro-de-2021/
Pallant, J. (2013). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS (4th ed.). Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin.
Pasquale, F. (2015). The black box society. Harvard University Press.
Poell, T., Nieborg, D., & Van Dijck, J. (2019). Platformisation. Internet Policy Review, 8(4), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.14763/2019.4.1425
Shah, N. (2019). Interface. In: Beyes, T., Holt, R., & Pias, C. (Ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Media, Technology, and Organization Studies. Oxford University Press.
Simpson, B. (2020). Law, digital media, and the discomfort of children’s rights. In: Green, L., Holloway, D., Stevenson, K., Leaver, T., & Haddon, L. (Eds.) The Routledge Companion to Digital Media and Children, New York: Routledge, 308-317.
Srnicek, N. (2017). Platform capitalism. John Wiley & Sons.
Staksrud, E., & Lobe, B. (2010). Evaluation of the implementation of the Safer Social Networking Principles for the EU Part I: General Report. European Comission for safe Internet Programme, Luxemburgo.
Teffé, C. S. (2019). Tratamento de dados pessoais de crianças e adolescentes: Proteção e consentimento. KIDS ONLINE BRASIL, 167-174.
Trittin-Ulbrich, H., Scherer, A. G., Munro, I., & Whelan, G. (2021). Exploring the dark and unexpected sides of digitalization: Toward a critical agenda. Organization, 28(1), 8-25. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1350508420968184
Unicef (2018). Children and Digital Marketing: Rights, risks and responsabilities. Discussion Paper.
Vaidhyanathan, S. (2012). The Googlization of everything:(and why we should worry). Univ of California Press.
Van Dijck, J. (2013). The culture of connectivity: A critical history of social media. London: Oxford University Press.
Vianna, F. (2021). Se os Dados são o Novo Petróleo, Onde Estão os Royalties? O Neoliberalismo na Era do Capitalismo de Vigilância. Revista Gestão & Conexões, 10(3), 123-143. https://doi.org/10.47456/regec.2317-5087.2021.10.3.36014.128-147
Vianna, F. R. P. M., & Meneghetti, F. K. (2020). Is it crowdsourcing or crowdsensing? An analysis of human participation in digital platforms in the age of surveillance capitalism. REAd. Revista Eletrônica de Administração (Porto Alegre), 26, 176-209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-2311.280.96476
Vianna, F. R. P. M., Meneghetti, F. K., & Vianna, J. D. R. M. R. (2021). Covid-19, redes sociais e capitalismo de vigilância. Gestão & Planejamento-G&P, 22(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.53706/gep.v.22.6858
Vianna, F. R. P. M., Vianna, J. D. R. M. R., & Meneghetti, F. K. (2021). O Dark Side da Digitalização na Era do Capitalismo de Vigilância: Um estudo dos Termos de Consentimento da Uber à Luz da Legislação Brasileira. Administração Pública e Gestão Social. https://doi.org/10.21118/apgs.v13i4.11217
Walker, M., Fleming, P., & Berti, M. (2021). ‘You can’t pick up a phone and talk to someone’: How algorithms function as biopower in the gig economy. Organization, 28(1), 26-43. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1350508420978831
Wellman, B. (2011). Studying the Internet Through the Ages. In: Consalvo, M., & Ess, C. (Eds.). The Handbook of Internet Studies. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
Wilkie, A., Michael, M., & Plummer-Fernandez, M. (2015). Speculative method and Twitter: Bots, energy and three conceptual characters. The Sociological Review, 63(1), 79-101. https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1467-954X.12168
Worlock, D. R. (2007). The view from the tower: Disruptive technologies and the disruptive business models they create. Business information review, 24(2), 83-88. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0266382107078857
Yu, J., & Couldry, N. (2020). Education as a domain of natural data extraction: analysing corporate discourse about educational tracking. Information, Communication & Society, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2020.1764604
Zarsky, T. Z. (2019). Privacy and manipulation in the digital age. Theoretical Inquiries in Law, 20(1), 157-188. https://doi.org/10.1515/til-2019-0006
Zuboff, S. (2019). The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power: Barack Obama's Books of 2019. Profile Books.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2023 Revista Ciências Administrativas
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Para publicação de trabalhos, os autores deverão assinar a Carta de Direitos Autorais, cujo modelo será enviado aos autores por e-mail, reservando os direitos, até mesmo de tradução, à RCA.
Para os textos que apresentam imagens (fotografias, retratos, obras de artes plásticas, desenhos fotografados, obras fotográficas em geral, mapas, figuras e outros), os autores devem encaminhar para a RCA carta original de autorização da empresa que detém a concessão e o direito de uso da imagem. A carta deve estar em papel timbrado e assinada pelo responsável da empresa, com autorização para o uso e a reprodução das imagens utilizadas no trabalho. O corpo da carta deve conter que a empresa é detentora dos direitos sobre as imagens e que dá direito de reprodução para a RCA. É importante salientar que os autores são responsáveis por eventuais problemas de direitos de reprodução das imagens que compõem o artigo.
A instituição e/ou qualquer dos organismos editoriais desta publicação NÃO SE RESPONSABILIZAM pelas opiniões, ideias e conceitos emitidos nos textos, por serem de inteira responsabilidade de seus autores