Observational study: does vaccination provide protective effects against long COVID?
Vaccination and its effects on long COVID
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2024.15336Keywords:
COVID-19 vaccine, Long COVID, Clinical Manifestations, Cognitive DysfunctionAbstract
Objective: To evaluate whether vaccination offers protection against long COVID and its clinical manifestations. Method: This observational study included randomly selected patients treated at a university hospital. Participants were individuals aged 18 or older, of both sexes, who had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (via RT-PCR or rapid antigen test) between April 2021 and June 2022, with at least four weeks elapsed since their diagnosis at the time of the interview, conducted between April 2022 and May 2023. A researcher-administered questionnaire collected data on vaccination status and Long COVID symptoms (headache, fatigue, chest pain, cough, dyspnea, insomnia, cognitive deficits, oral cavity changes, and others). Participants were divided into two groups—vaccinated and unvaccinated—and the incidence of clinical manifestations was compared. Statistical analyses were conducted using the chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests, with a 5% significance level. Results: A total of 855 participants were screened, and 120 (14%) met the inclusion criteria: 46 (38.3%) in the unvaccinated group and 74 (61.7%) in the vaccinated group.
Vaccinated individuals had a lower incidence of long COVID compared to unvaccinated individuals (p = 0.0128). The incidence of cognitive deficits among those with long COVID was significantly higher in the unvaccinated group than in the vaccinated group (p = 0.0343). Conclusion: Vaccination emerged as an effective primary prevention strategy against long COVID, demonstrating efficacy in reducing its incidence, particularly in preventing cognitive deficits.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Maria Luiza Ricarte Ruggeri, Carlos Eduardo Fontana, Elisa Donalisio Teixeira Mendes, Sérgio Luiz Pinheiro

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