Prevalencia y factores asociados a la autopercepción negativa de salud de adolescentes: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2016.p595Palabras clave:
Percepción, Adolescente, Salud del Adolescente, Factores de Riesgo, Autoimagen.Resumen
Objetivo: Revisar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la autopercepción negativa de salud de adolescentes en la literatura. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión sistemática que se utilizó como fuente de búsqueda las siguientes bases de datos: LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed y Adolec utilizando los descriptores indexados al DeCS/MeSH. En el proceso de selección los artículos fueron analizados en tres etapas: la lectura de los títulos, de los resúmenes y del artículo completo según los criterios de elegibilidad. Resultados: Después de la utilización de los filtros fueron elegidos 25 artículos para la lectura del texto completo de los 886 artículos encontrados, pero tras la lectura, solamente 10 artículos fueron incluidos en los resultados de esa investigación. Los estudios presentaron una prevalencia de autopercepción negativa de adolescentes que varió entre 1,2% y 38% y fueron verificados también otros factores asociados como los factores socioeconómicos, las relaciones interpersonales y las conductas de riesgo para la salud. Conclusión: Las evidencias científicas señalan que los factores socioeconómicos, la relación con la familia y los amigos, el estrés, los aspectos psicológicos y las conductas de riesgo para la salud están asociados a la autopercepción negativa de salud de los adolescentes. Además de eso, pertenecer al sexo femenino, tener baja renta y más edad también fueron factores para un aumento de la evaluación negativa del estado de salud del adolescente.Descargas
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