El agotamiento de los profesores: trabajo remoto y retorno presencial durante la pandemia de COVID-19

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2025.16908

Palabras clave:

Agotamiento emocional, Maestros, COVID-19

Resumen

Objetivo: Identificar el sentimiento de agotamiento y su relación entre el trabajo remoto y el retorno presencial de profesores durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: Se trata de un estudio analítico, transversal en línea (e-survey) con enfoque cuantitativo. Fue realizado con 703 profesores de la red pública estatal, en el período de abril a julio de 2022. El reclutamiento fue del tipo Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS), en el cual un participante indicaba a otro. Se utilizó un instrumento con variables relacionadas con datos socioeconómicos, sentimiento de agotamiento, trabajo remoto y retorno presencial de profesores durante la pandemia de COVID-19. El análisis se realizó mediante el Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), utilizando la prueba de Chi-cuadrado de Pearson y un nivel de significancia del 95% (p<0,05). El estudio contó con la aprobación de un comité de ética en investigación. Resultados: Se observó que los profesores, la mayor parte del tiempo o siempre, estaban agotados durante el trabajo remoto debido a la división del tiempo con otras actividades (n=190; 55,1%). Además, el mobiliario no era adecuado para el servicio prestado (n=111; 75,5%). También se verificó que parte de ellos no recibió formación para el nuevo formato de trabajo (n=33; 67,3%) y que muchos no disponían de los recursos tecnológicos necesarios (n=48; 92,3%). En el retorno presencial, la falta de provisión de mascarillas (n=300; 45,3%) y las modificaciones en la estructura física de la escuela (n=224; 55,3%) estuvieron asociadas al sentimiento de agotamiento. Conclusión: Se observó que el sentimiento de agotamiento estuvo presente tanto en el trabajo remoto como en el retorno presencial, con efectos preocupantes para la salud de los profesores. Se evidenció la necesidad de regular el trabajo remoto e implementar medidas de promoción y protección de la salud docente en contextos de crisis.

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Traducción

Este artículo es una traducción en English del artículo:  A exaustão de professores: trabalho remoto e retorno presencial durante a pandemia COVID-19

Biografía del autor/a

Luana Savana Nascimento de Sousa Arruda, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil

Bachelor’s degree in Nursing from the Federal University of Piauí (UFPI/CSHNB) (2009-2013). PhD in Nursing from the Graduate Program in Nursing (PPGEnf), UFPI/CCS (2024). Master’s degree in Health and Community from the Graduate Program of the Federal University of Piauí (UFPI/CCS) (2016-2018). Specialist in Urgency and Emergency Care from the Faculty of Technology and Professional Higher Education (FATESP/UNIPÓS) (2014-2015). Editor and ad hoc consultant for the Journal of Nursing of UFPI (REUFPI). Member of the Research Group in Nursing, Care Technologies, and Chronic Conditions (GPEnTeCC/UFPI).

Leonardo da Conceição Pereira, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil

Primary Health Care nurse in Coelho Neto, Maranhão, Brazil. Bachelor’s degree in Nursing from the Federal University of Piauí (UFPI) (2024). Member of the editorial board of the Journal of Nursing of UFPI (REUFPI). Former member of the Research Group in Nursing, Care Technologies, and Chronic Conditions (GPEnTeCC/UFPI) (2020-2024). Former Scientific Initiation scholarship recipient funded by the Piauí Research Foundation (FAPEPI) with the project entitled “Motivation for Medication Adherence in Systemic Arterial Hypertension: Development of an Item Bank” (2021-2023). Former teaching assistant in Bioethics, Ethics and Nursing Legislation, Nursing Administration, and Research Seminar I.

Juliana Queiroz de França Ancelmo, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil

Bachelor’s degree in Dentistry from the State University of Piauí (2008). Master’s degree in Health and Community from the Graduate Program of the Federal University of Piauí (UFPI/CCS) (2025). Specialist in Orthodontics and Functional Jaw Orthopedics (2011). Administrative Education Technician and Dentist at the Federal Institute of Piauí (IFPI). Has experience in General Dentistry, Endodontics, Orthodontics, and Functional Jaw Orthopedics. Research interests include Public Health, particularly School Health. Member of the Research Group in Nursing, Care Technologies, and Chronic Conditions (GPEnTeCC/UFPI).

Hosana Maria Araújo Rêgo Rêgo, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil

Undergraduate student at the Federal University of Piauí (UFPI). Clinical training experience at the Promorar Emergency Care Unit (UPA), mental health training at the Areolino de Abreu Hospital, and surgical follow-up at Dr. Miguel Riet Corrêa Jr. University Hospital (HU-FURG). Member of the Research Group in Nursing, Care Technologies, and Chronic Conditions (GPEnTeCC). Participant coordinator for the Interprofessional Primary Health Care Congress.

Angélica Jesus Rodrigues Campos, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil

Undergraduate Dentistry student at the Federal University of Piauí (UFPI). Member of the UFPI Academic Dentistry Center (CAO-UFPI). Participates in the Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry Academic League and Extension Project (LACOI), the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Extension Project (CTBMF), the Orthodontics Academic League and Extension Project (LAORTO), and the Oral Rehabilitation Program for Underserved Communities (ReabOral). Member of the Research Group in Nursing, Care Technologies, and Chronic Conditions (GPEnTeCC), the Research Group in Patients with Special Needs and Stomatology (GEPES), and the Study and Research Group in Dentistry, Biosafety, and Biotechnology. Assists the editorial board of the Journal of Nursing of UFPI (REUFPI). Currently serves as a Volunteer Scientific Initiation Scholarship recipient (ICV). Has research experience and interests in scientific event participation and organization.

Miriane da Silva Mota, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil

Nurse graduated from the Federal University of Piauí (UFPI). Specialist through the Multiprofessional Residency Program in High-Complexity Health Care at the University Hospital of UFPI. Master’s degree in Nursing from UFPI. Specialist in Emergency and Urgency Care (FAEME) and Public Health (FUNIP). Substitute professor in the Bachelor of Nursing Program at Amílcar Ferreira Sobral Campus, Federal University of Piauí (CAFS/UFPI).

Antonieldo Araújo de Freitas, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil

Bachelor’s degree in Mathematics (2013), Bachelor’s degree in Nursing (2017), and Bachelor’s degree in Physical Education (2024). Specialist in General Intensive Care and Critical Care Management (2019), Family and Community Health (2020), and Occupational Nursing (2022). Master’s degree in Health and Community (2023). Member of the Research Group in Nursing, Care Technologies, and Chronic Conditions (GPEnTeCC), Federal University of Piauí.

José Wicto Pereira Borges, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil

Bachelor’s degree in Nursing (2005-2008), Master’s degree (2011-2012), and PhD (2014-2016) in Clinical Health Care from the State University of Ceará, including a doctoral exchange period in the Graduate Program in Production Engineering at the Federal University of Santa Catarina. Currently serves as Associate Professor Level I in the Department of Nursing and in the stricto sensu Graduate Programs in Health and Community and Nursing at the Federal University of Piauí (UFPI). Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Nursing of UFPI (REUFPI) and Associate Editor of the Revista Mineira de Enfermagem. Research interests include methodological studies, instrument development and validation, and epidemiology of chronic noncommunicable diseases.

Publicado

2025-12-19

Cómo citar

Arruda, L. S. N. de S., Pereira, L. da C., Ancelmo, J. Q. de F., Rêgo, H. M. A. R., Campos, A. J. R., Mota, M. da S., … Borges, J. W. P. (2025). El agotamiento de los profesores: trabajo remoto y retorno presencial durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Revista Brasileña En Promoción De La Salud, 38, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2025.16908

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