Fatores Associados à Autopercepção Negativa de Saúde em Pessoas Idosas: Diferenças entre Idosos Jovens e Longevos

Nathalia Ayumi Nagai; Talita Müller Gonçalves de Melo; Larissa Helena Sacheto Abdo; Gabriel da Silva Nascimento; Mariana Lima de  Moura; Isabella Felisberto Cândido; Kaio Henrique Correa Massa

doi:10.5020/18061230.2026.16625

Authors

Nathalia Ayumi Nagai Anhembi Morumbi University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9384-8130
Talita Müller Gonçalves de Melo Anhembi Morumbi University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8675-7922
Larissa Helena Sacheto Abdo Anhembi Morumbi University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5057-5679
Gabriel da Silva Nascimento Anhembi Morumbi University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8478-564X
Mariana Lima de Moura Anhembi Morumbi University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9034-1789
Isabella Felisberto Cândido Anhembi Morumbi University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9246-2709
Kaio Henrique Correa Massa Anhembi Morumbi University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9954-2659

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2026.16625

Keywords:

General Health, Aged, Chronic Disease, Socioeconomic Factors

Abstract

Objective: To analyze differences in self-rated health between young-old adults (60–79 years) and oldest-old adults (≥80 years), and to identify sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with negative self-rated health. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the 2019 National Health Survey, representative of the Brazilian older adult population. The dependent variable was self-rated health, dichotomized as positive or negative. Independent variables included sex, age group, race/skin color, schooling, marital status, noncommunicable chronic diseases, functional limitations in basic and instrumental activities of daily living, and private health plan coverage. Analyses used adjusted Poisson regression models considering sociodemographic and health characteristics, considering survey weights, and complex design. Results: The sample comprised 22,728 older adults. The prevalence of negative self-rated health was higher among oldest-old adults (13.9%) than among young-old adults (10.8%). In both age groups, negative self-rated health was associated with lower educational attainment, brown or Black skin color/race, presence of noncommunicable chronic diseases, functional limitations, and lack of private health insurance coverage. Female sex and history of falls were exclusively associated with younger elderly. Conclusion: Negative self- rated health was associated with racial and socioeconomic inequalities, noncommunicable chronic diseases, and functional limitations, with distinct patterns between young-old and oldest-old adults. Health promotion strategies and comprehensive care within the Brazilian Unified Health System should consider this heterogeneity to address inequalities in aging.

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Author Biographies

Nathalia Ayumi Nagai, Anhembi Morumbi University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

Graduated in Medicine from Universidade Anhembi Morumbi.

Talita Müller Gonçalves de Melo, Anhembi Morumbi University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

Graduated in Nursing from Universidade Católica Dom Bosco - Campo Grande-MS (2008). Postgraduate in Aesthetic Nursing - São Paulo (2023). Undergraduate student in Medicine at Universidade Anhembi Morumbi / São Paulo.

Larissa Helena Sacheto Abdo, Anhembi Morumbi University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

Medical student at Universidade Anhembi Morumbi (graduation in 2026). Member of the Academic League of Orthopedics at Universidade Anhembi Morumbi starting in 2023 and the Evidence-Based Medicine League at Universidade Anhembi Morumbi starting in 2024. Founder and Executive Director of Internal Relations for the Student Volunteering Committee UAM - Mooca, starting in 2024 and ending in 2025.

Gabriel da Silva Nascimento, Anhembi Morumbi University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

Medical student at Universidade Anhembi Morumbi (graduation year 2026). Member of the Academic League of Urology and the Academic League of Rheumatology at Universidade Anhembi Morumbi since 2021.

Mariana Lima de Moura, Anhembi Morumbi University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

Medical student at Universidade Anhembi Morumbi (graduation year 2026). Member of the Academic League of Neurology and Neurosurgery at Universidade Anhembi Morumbi since 2021 and the Academic League of Evidence-Based Medicine at Universidade Anhembi Morumbi since 2024.

Isabella Felisberto Cândido, Anhembi Morumbi University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

Graduated in Law from Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás (2013). Medical student at Universidade Anhembi Morumbi (graduation year 2026). Member of the Academic League of Urology and the Academic League of Rheumatology at Universidade Anhembi Morumbi since 2021.

Kaio Henrique Correa Massa, Anhembi Morumbi University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

Graduated in Gerontology from the School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities at Universidade de São Paulo (EACH/USP), Master and PhD in Sciences from the Department of Epidemiology at the Faculty of Public Health of USP. Founding Board Member of the Gerontology League EACH - USP. Currently, Professor and Advisor in the undergraduate Medicine program at Universidade Anhembi Morumbi and Professor in the graduate programs in Public Health and Gerontology at Centro Universitário São Camilo. Researcher in the field of health, with an emphasis on epidemiology, social determinants, chronic diseases, aging, and elderly health, with experience in serial cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, complex sample analysis, and multilevel analysis.