Desigualdades Regionais na Prevalência de Doenças Crônicas nas Regiões Norte e Nordeste: Análise Epidemiológica

Neila Andrade da Cruz Santana; Thaís Emanuelle Bomfim Aragão; Kathleen Karoline Rodrigues Bomfim; Sara Evelly Bispo dos Santos; Alexandro Souza dos Santos Filho; Sarah Souza Pontes

doi:10.5020/18061230.2026.15826

Authors

Neila Andrade da Cruz Santana Santo Antônio Hospital, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2911-9408
Thaís Emanuelle Bomfim Aragão Atenas University Center, Valença, Bahia, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4528-3289
Kathleen Karoline Rodrigues Bomfim Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1381-5439
Sara Evelly Bispo dos Santos Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2302-8667
Alexandro Souza dos Santos Filho Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2530-6823
Sarah Souza Pontes Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9858-6473

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2026.15826

Keywords:

Non-Communicable Diseases, Health Inequality, Healthcare Access, Epidemiology

Abstract

Objective: To analyze access to and the distribution of health services for chronic noncommunicable diseases (CNCDs), focusing on inequalities in the North and Northeast regions. Method: An observational and descriptive epidemiological study using secondary data from SISCOLO, IBGE, INCA, and PNI, covering the period from April to June 2024. The data underwent ETL processing from public databases, with standardization and analysis in Excel and Python, following the epidemiological triad (Person, Time, and Place). Results: Inequalities were identified between the North and Northeast regions. The Northeast had a higher absolute number of cytopathological exams, while the North had a higher rate per million inhabitants and a higher incidence of cervical cancer. HPV vaccination coverage was lower in the North. At the municipal level, low screening rates and weaknesses in the management of hypertension and diabetes were observed. Gaps in race/color records limited analyses of inequities. Management tools (GUT, PDCA, 5W2H, SWOT, and Ishikawa) aided in identifying structural factors and proposing interventions. Conclusion: There is a clear need to strengthen public policies and management strategies to expand screening, improve the quality of care for NCDs, and reduce regional inequalities in access to healthcare.

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Author Biographies

Neila Andrade da Cruz Santana, Santo Antônio Hospital, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil

Graduated in Physical Therapy (2005-2009) from the Catholic University of Salvador (UCSal), with postgraduate degrees in Hospital Physical Therapy with an emphasis in Intensive Care and Neurofunctional Physical Therapy from the Education and Research Institute (Faculty of Managerial Sciences of Bahia), in Visual Rehabilitation with an emphasis on oculomotor disorders and low vision (FAELO), in Neonatal and Pediatric Physical Therapy, and in Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care from the Faculty of Minas (FACUMINAS). Works as an intensive care physical therapist at Santo Antônio Hospital, part of the Sister Dulce Social Works, and concurrently in home care focusing on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of various neuromuscular and cardiometabolic dysfunctions, utilizing techniques for rehabilitation and the development of the patient's functional capacity.

Thaís Emanuelle Bomfim Aragão, Atenas University Center, Valença, Bahia, Brasil

Bachelor's degree in Nursing and Interdisciplinary Bachelor's degree in Health from the Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB). Master's degree in Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology from the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC). Currently pursuing a PhD in Public Health at the State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS). Member of the Women's Health Study and Research Group (GESAM), Epidemiology and Health Nucleus (NES) - UFRB, and the Audiology Study and Research Group (GEPA) - UFSC. Currently a Professor in the Medicine program at UniAtenas.

Kathleen Karoline Rodrigues Bomfim, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil

Undergraduate student in Physical Therapy at the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA).

Sara Evelly Bispo dos Santos, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil

Undergraduate student in Physical Therapy at the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA).

Alexandro Souza dos Santos Filho, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil

Undergraduate student in Physical Therapy at the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), currently in the 8th semester. Member of the Performance, Innovation and Research in Sports research group (DIPE-UFBA) and active member of the Academic League of Sports and Trauma-Orthopedic Physical Therapy (LAFETO), where he serves as president.

Sarah Souza Pontes, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil

PhD in Medicine and Human Health (UFBA) – 2023. Bachelor's degrees in Physical Therapy (2008), Nursing (2010), and Systems Analysis and Development (2024). Specialist in Occupational Health, Healthcare Auditing, Neurological Physical Therapy, and Geriatrics and Gerontology. Master's in Human Development and Social Responsibility.