Prevalencia de osteoporosis en mujeres mayores en la postmenopausia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2019.9473Palabras clave:
Densidad Ósea, Envejecimiento, Promoción de la SaludResumen
Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de osteoporosis en mujeres en la postmenopausia y su asociación con factores de riesgo. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado con 115 mujeres mayores en la postmenopausia que participaron del proyecto de extensión del Centro Universitario del Distrito Federal con duración de un año e inicio en 2017. Se ha mensurado la densidad mineral ósea por el Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry en la columna lumbar (primera vértebra lumbar hasta la cuarta) y el cuello femoral. Se evaluaron los factores de riesgo para la densidad baja a través de entrevista. Se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado de Pearson (p<0,05) para el análisis estadístico. Resultados: La media de edad encontrada ha sido de 67,8 ± 8,4 años y el tiempo de menopausia de 16,7 ± 6,2 años. La media de la densidad mineral ósea ha sido de -0,96 ± 1,42 para el cuello femoral y de -1,25 ± 1,75 para la columna lumbar (L1-L4). La prevalencia de densidad baja es del 66,9% para la columna lumbar y del 52,1% para el cuello femoral. Se encontró diferencia significativa para la edad (50,5% tenían entre 51 y 55 años y baja densidad), la inactividad física (82,9%), la historia personal de fractura en los últimos 5 años (31,2% con densidad baja) y se observó el índice de masa corporal – sobrepeso entre mujeres de densidad mineral ósea normal (44,7%) comparadas con aquellas de densidad baja (p<0,001). Conclusión: Las mujeres en la postmenopausia presentaron elevada prevalencia de densidad mineral ósea baja y los factores de riesgo asociados.Descargas
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