Apoyo social y actividad física de mayores: revisión sistemática de estudios observacionales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2019.8635Palabras clave:
Apoyo Social, Actividad Motora, Anciano.Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre el apoyo social (AS) y la práctica de actividad física (AF) de mayores a través de una revisión sistemática de la literatura de estudios observacionales. Métodos: Las búsquedas se dieron en las bases de datos electrónicas Scopus, PsycInfo, LILACS y MEDLINE con el acceso vía PubMed. Los términos Mesh utilizados se relacionaron con el “apoyo social”, “actividad física” y “mayores”. Se incluyeron los estudios observacionales, con muestra de mayores, los que investigaron el AS para la AF a través de instrumentos cuantitativos publicados en los últimos 10 años, aquellos con acceso online a los textos completos y los disponibles en los idiomas inglés, portugués y español. Se excluyeron los estudios de revisión sistemática, las metaanálisis, los protocolos de intervención y de construcción o validación de instrumentos y los que abordaron el AS para otras conductas además de la AF. Resultados: La búsqueda ha resultado en 1311 artículos y, después del proceso de selección, 9 fueron incluidos en la revisión. Sobre el tipo de estudio, 8 eran transversales y 1 de cohorte, predominando las muestras del sexo femenino. Los estudios abordaron instrumentos distintos, los tipos y fuentes para la evaluación del apoyo social y evaluaron los distintos dominios de la actividad física. Ha sido encontrado que, a mayor apoyo social percibido, mayor es el nivel de actividad física. Conclusión: Se verificó que hay una relación positiva entre el apoyo social y la práctica de actividad física de mayores con destaque para la importancia de su función instrumental y de distintas fuentes como de los familiares, los amigos y los profesionales sanitarios para la promoción de conductas activas de parte de la población.Descargas
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