Eating behavior and body image perception of pregnant women attending a high-risk outpatient center
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5020/2385Keywords:
Pregnant Women, Body Image, Binge-Eating Disorder.Abstract
Objective: To investigate the eating behavior and body image perception in pregnant women attending a high-risk outpatient center. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional, observational study conducted with 28 overweight pregnant women attending the first consultation in the nutrition outpatient center of a maternity hospital in Fortaleza-CE, from December 2010 to February 2011. It has been used a pre-established form containing data on the characterization of the sample (socioeconomic, obstetric, and nutritional), the BES (Binge Eating Scale) to assess binge eating and BSQ (Body Shape Questionnaire) to assess the severity or absence of body image disorder. The variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation and simple frequency and percentage. The Pearson’s correlation was used to verify the relation between body image and binge eating, considering p <0.05. Results: The pregnant women studied had a mean age of 29.4 ± 6.3 years and mean gestational age of 24.6 ± 8.2 weeks. It was found a prevalence of 71.5% (n=20) of body image disorder and 17.8% (n=5) of binge eating. It was also observed a direct and significant correlation between the body image perception and the degree of binge eating (r=0.4358, p=0.020). Conclusion: The high rate of body image disorder positively related to a significant binge eating indicates an unfavorable adjustment of this group of pregnant women to alterations in weight and body shape and size, which are inherent to pregnancy, standing out as group that needs special attention by the professional team. doi:10.5020/18061230.2014.p256Downloads
References
Stenzel LM. A influência da imagem corporal no desenvolvimento e na manutenção dos transtornos alimentares. In: Nunes MA, Appolinario JC, Galvão AL, Coutinho W. Transtornos alimentares e obesidade. Porto Alegre: Artmed; 2006. p. 73-81.
Skouteris H, Carr R, Wertheim EH, Paxton SJ, Duncombe D. A prospective study of factors that lead to body dissatisfaction during pregnancy. Body Image. 2005;2(4):347-61.
Fox P, Ymaguchi C. Body image change in pregnancy: a comparison of normal weight and overweight primigravidas. Birth. 1997;24(l):35-40.
Schomer EZ, Kachani AT. Imagem Corporal. In: Cordás TA, Kachani AT. Nutrição em psiquiatria. Porto Alegre: Artmed; 2010. p. 107-18.
Dunker KLL; Alvarenga MS; Alves VPO. Transtornos alimentares e gestação – Uma revisão. J Bras Psiquiatr. 2009; 58(1):60-8.
Kessler RC, Berglund PA, Chiu WT, Deitz AC, Hudson JI, Shahly V, et al. The prevalence and correlates of binge eating disorder in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. Biol Psychiatry. 2013;73(9):904–14.
Pisciolaro F, Azevedo AP. Transtorno da compulsão alimentar periódica. In: Cordás TA, Kachani AT. Nutrição em psiquiatria. Porto Alegre: Artmed; 2010. p. 167-80.
Smink FRE, Hoeken D, Hoek HW. Epidemiology of eating disorders: incidence, prevalence and mortality rates. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2012;14(4):406-14.
Preti A, Girolamo G, Vilagut G, Alonso J, Graaf R, Bruffaerts R, et al. The epidemiology of eating disorders in six european countries: results of the ESEMeD-WMH project. J Psychiatr Res. 2009;43(14):1125-32.
Mascarenhas MTL, Almeida MMG, Araújo TM, Prisco APK. Transtornos alimentares na população de 20 a 59 anos de Feira de Santana (BA), 2007. Cad Saúde Colet. 2011; 19(2):179-86.
Easter A, Bye A, Taborelli E, Corfield F, Schmidt U, Treasure J, et al. Recognising the symptoms: how common are eating disorders in pregnancy? Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2013;21(4):340-4.
Teixeira PC; Matsudo SMM; Almeida VS. Auto-estima e imagem corporal de gestantes de acordo com o nível de atividade física. Rev Bras Ciênc Mov. 2008;16(1):547-655.
Meltzer-Brody S, Zerwas S, Leserman J, Holle AV, Regis T, Bulik C. Eating disorders and trauma history in women with perinatal depression. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2011;20(6):863-70.
Berg CK, Torgersen L, Holle AV, Hamer RM, Bulik CM, Reichborn-Kjennerud T. Factors associated with binge eating disorder in pregnancy. Int J Eat Disord. 2011;44(2):124–33.
Ministério da Saúde (BR), Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde, Departamento de Ações Programáticas Estratégicas. Gestação de alto risco: manual técnico. 5ª ed. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, 2010.
Di Pietro M, Silveira DX. Internal validity, dimensionality and performance of the Body Shape Questionnaire in a group of Brazilian college students. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2008;31(1):21-4.
Freitas SR, Lopes CS, Coutinho W, Appolinario JC. Tradução e adaptação para o português da Escala de Compulsão Alimentar Periódica. Rev Bras Psquiatr. 2001;23(4):215-20.
Freitas SR. Instrumentos para a avaliação dos transtornos alimentares. In: Nunes MA, Appolinario JC, Galvão AL, Coutinho W. e colaboradores. Transtornos alimentares e obesidade. Porto Alegre: Artmed; 2006. p. 241-7.
Dunker KLL, Alvarenga M. Transtornos alimentares e gestação. In: Alvarenga M, Scagliusi FB, Philippi ST. Nutrição e transtornos alimentares: avaliação e tratamento. Barueri: Manole; 2010. p. 221-33.
Lotha KA, Bauera KW, Wallb M, Bergec J, Neumark-Sztainera D. Body satisfaction during pregnancy. Body Image. 2011;8(3):297–300. Disponível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3124621/
Shloim N, Hetherington M, Rudolf M, Feltbower R. Adjusting to motherhood: the importance of BMI in predicting maternal well-being, eating behaviour and feeding practice within a cross cultural setting. Appetite. No prelo 2014.
Sui Z, Turnbull D, Dodd J. Effect of body image on gestational weight gain in overweight and obese women. Women Birth. 2013;26(4):267-72.
Rauff EL, Downs DS. Mediating effects of body image satisfaction on exercise behavior, depressive symptoms, and gestational weight gain in pregnancy. Ann Behav Med. 2011;42(3):381-90.
Hubin-Gayte M, Squires C. Étude de l’impact de la grossesse sur les comportements alimentaires à travers l’utilisation du questionnaire SCOFF. Evol Psychiatr (Paris). 2012;77(2):201–12.
Cardoso JP, Pires AP. Perturbações do comportamento alimentar na gravidez: uma revisão. Psicol Reflex Crít. 2012:25(1):139-46.
Coker EL, Mitchell-Wong LA, Abraham SF. Is pregnancy a trigger for recovery from an eating disorder? Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2013;92(12):1407-13.
Soares RM, Nunes MA, Schmidt MI, Giacomello A, Manzolli P, Camey S et al. Inappropriate eating behaviors during pregnancy: prevalence and associated factors among pregnant women attending primary care in southern Brazil. Int J Eat Disord. 2009;42(5):387-93.
Harris AA. Practical advice for caring for women with eating disorders during the perinatal period. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2010;55(6):579-86.
Ulman TF, Holle AV, Torgersen L, Stoltenberg C, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Bulik CM. Sleep disturbances and binge eating disorder symptoms during and after pregnancy. Sleep. 2012;35(10):1403-11.
Santos AM, Piccolotto GB, Benute GRG, Santos NO, Lucia MCS, Francisco RPV. Transtorno alimentar e picacismo na gestação: revisão de literatura. Psicol Hosp. 2013;11(2):42-59.
Linna MS, Raevuori A, Haukka J, Suvisaari JM, Suokas JT, Gissler M. Pregnancy, obstetric, and perinatal health outcomes in eating disorders. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;211(4):1-8.
