Avaliação da contaminação, sobrevivência e remoção do coronavírus em sistemas de tratamento de esgoto sanitário
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5020/23180730.2020.10849Resumo
O mundo vem sofrendo uma das mais fortes pandemias da história, causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2. Até agora, há relatos de aproximadamente nove milhões e sete mil de infectados no mundo. Embora não haja relato conclusivo sobre a transmissão fecal-oral do novo coronavírus entre pessoas, acredita-se que esse tipo de transmissão seja possível, uma vez que o SARS-CoV-2 já foi detectado em efluentes domésticos e em fezes de pacientes. Este artigo consiste em uma revisão de literatura avaliando a sobrevivência dos vírus da família Coronaviridae através do esgoto, seja pela presença no efluente (corrente líquida), seja pela presença no lodo de estação de tratamento, que poderão causar contaminações pelo manejo inadequado dos resíduos produzidos no sistema de tratamento. Foi observado que o vírus é sensível à temperatura e às condições do meio, como incidência da radiação solar, concentração de amônia etc. Com relação às tecnologias de tratamento, embora a desinfecção seja a etapa primordial para inativação do patógeno, algumas tecnologias de tratamento secundário, notadamente MBR e Lagoas de Estabilização, podem auxiliar na remoção de patógenos virais. Por fim, o trabalho mostrou a maior presença de fármacos à base de cloroquina, os quais têm sido utilizados no combate à doença e podem ser tóxicos a sistemas anaeróbios, principal rota de tratamento de esgoto sanitário do Brasil. Diante do novo cenário no país, é necessário que as ETEs passem por readequações, tendo em vista a maior concentração do patógeno SARS-CoV-2.Downloads
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