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	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rbps</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>Revista Brasileira em Promoção da Saúde</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Rev. bras. promo. sau.</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="epub">1806-1230</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Universidade de Fortaleza</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5020/18061230.2025.15369</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>ARTIGO DE REVISÃO</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Efeitos do consumo de açaí para a saúde humana: uma revisão sistemática</article-title>
				<trans-title-group xml:lang="es">
					<trans-title>Efectos del consumo de açaí sobre la salud humana: una revisión sistemática</trans-title>
				</trans-title-group>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0009-5566-8394</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Costa</surname>
						<given-names>Wesley Thyago Alves da</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>delineamento do estudo</role>
					<role>análise dos dados</role>
					<role>redação e aprovação da versão final do manuscrito</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0006-9132-6947</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Jansen</surname>
						<given-names>Rhillary Cardoso</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>delineamento do estudo</role>
					<role>análise dos dados</role>
					<role>redação e aprovação da versão final do manuscrito</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0003-2873-8728</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Alcantara</surname>
						<given-names>Anderson Quadros de</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>delineamento do estudo</role>
					<role>análise dos dados</role>
					<role>redação e aprovação da versão final do manuscrito</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0003-1213-4305</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Maia</surname>
						<given-names>Fábio Felismino</given-names>
						<suffix>Júnior</suffix>
					</name>
					<role>delineamento do estudo</role>
					<role>análise dos dados</role>
					<role>redação e aprovação da versão final do manuscrito</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1903-0720</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Pereira</surname>
						<given-names>Amanda Araújo</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>delineamento do estudo</role>
					<role>análise dos dados</role>
					<role>redação e aprovação da versão final do manuscrito</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9580-2756</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Silva</surname>
						<given-names>Lyncoln Eduardo Alves</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>delineamento do estudo</role>
					<role>análise dos dados</role>
					<role>redação e aprovação da versão final do manuscrito</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0008-0922-2466</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Jaques</surname>
						<given-names>Lucas Alves</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>delineamento do estudo</role>
					<role>análise dos dados</role>
					<role>redação e aprovação da versão final do manuscrito</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9463-4677</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Sabbá</surname>
						<given-names>Amanda da Costa Silveira</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>delineamento do estudo</role>
					<role>análise dos dados</role>
					<role>redação e aprovação da versão final do manuscrito</role>
				</contrib>
				<aff id="aff1">
					<institution content-type="original">Universidade do Estado do Pará (UEPA) Marabá - Pará - Brasil</institution>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Estado do Pará</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<city>Marabá</city>
						<state>Pará</state>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				</aff>
			</contrib-group>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c1">
					<label>Primeiro autor e endereço para correspondência</label> Wesley Thyago Alves da Costa Universidade do Estado do Pará (UEPA) Avenida Hiléia, s/n, Bairro: Amapá, CEP: 68502100 / Marabá (PA) - Brasil E-mail: <email>wesley.tadcosta@aluno.uepa.br</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="coi-statement" id="fn1">
					<label>CONFLITO DE INTERESSES </label>
					<p> Não houve conflitos de interesses por parte dos pesquisadores.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>25</day>
				<month>06</month>
				<year>2026</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<year>2026</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>38</volume>
			<elocation-id>e15369</elocation-id>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>12</day>
					<month>07</month>
					<year>2024</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>27</day>
					<month>03</month>
					<year>2025</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="pt">
					<license-p>Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto sob uma licença Creative Commons</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<abstract>
				<title>RESUMO</title>
				<sec>
					<title>Objetivo: </title>
					<p>Analisar sistematicamente as evidências dos efeitos do consumo do açaí para a saúde humana. </p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Método:</title>
					<p> Esta revisão sistemática seguiu as diretrizes PRISMA 2020, adotando a estrutura PICO para critérios de elegibilidade. Foram incluídos estudos publicados, entre janeiro de 2014 e janeiro de 2024, em inglês, português ou espanhol. A busca ocorreu nas bases BVS, PubMed, Cochrane Library e Embase, utilizando os descritores padronizados: açaí, saúde, criança, adolescente, adulto e idoso. A seleção inicial foi feita no aplicativo Rayyan, com revisão duplo-cega por dois pesquisadores e resolução de conflitos por um terceiro. Estudos em humanos, incluindo ensaios clínicos e observacionais, foram incluídos, excluindo-se pesquisas com animais ou com metodologia inválida. A qualidade metodológica foi avaliada pela escala Newcastle-Ottawa, com classificação em boa, razoável ou ruim, considerando critérios de seleção, comparabilidade e exposição. O estudo foi registrado no PROSPERO, CRD42024512937. </p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Resultados:</title>
					<p> Identificaram-se 75 estudos, dos quais 12 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Oito estudos avaliaram a função cardiovascular, com dois observando os benefícios. Seis, dos oito estudos sobre perfil lipídico e adiposidade, encontraram benefícios nos parâmetros antropométricos e inflamatórios. Seis, dos sete estudos sobre efeito antioxidante, observaram redução de radicais livres. Cinco, dos seis estudos sobre mediadores inflamatórios, relataram melhora, mas nenhum dos seis estudos sobre perfil glicêmico encontrou benefícios. </p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Conclusão:</title>
					<p> O consumo de açaí mostrou benefícios à saúde humana sem contraindicações relatadas. No entanto, os estudos são heterogêneos, sendo necessário mais estudos com amostras representativas e intervenções padronizadas para uma melhor avaliação de tais benefícios.</p>
				</sec>
			</abstract>
			<trans-abstract xml:lang="es">
				<title><italic>RESUMEN</italic></title>
				<sec>
					<title><italic>Objetivo:</italic></title>
					<p><italic>Analizar sistemáticamente la evidencia sobre los efectos del consumo de açaí en la salud humana.</italic></p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title><italic>Método:</italic></title>
					<p><italic>Esta revisión sistemática siguió las directrices PRISMA 2020, adoptando la estructura PICO para definir los criterios de elegibilidad. Se incluyeron estudios publicados entre enero de 2014 y enero de 2024, en inglés, portugués o español. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos BVS, PubMed, Cochrane Library y Embase, utilizando los descriptores estandarizados: açaí, salud, niño, adolescente, adulto y anciano. La selección inicial de estudios se llevó a cabo en la aplicación Rayyan, con revisión doble ciego por dos investigadores y resolución de discrepancias por un tercero. Se incluyeron estudios en humanos, tanto ensayos clínicos como estudios observacionales, excluyéndose investigaciones en animales o con metodología no válida. La calidad metodológica fue evaluada mediante la escala de Newcastle-Ottawa, clasificando los estudios como de buena, razonable o baja calidad, según criterios de selección, comparabilidad y exposición. El estudio fue registrado en PROSPERO, CRD42024512937.</italic></p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title><italic>Resultados:</italic></title>
					<p><italic>Se identificaron 75 estudios, de los cuales 12 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Ocho estudios evaluaron la función cardiovascular, observándose beneficios en dos de ellos. De los ocho estudios que investigaron el perfil lipídico y la adiposidad, seis reportaron mejoras en parámetros antropométricos e inflamatorios. De los siete estudios que enfocaron el efecto antioxidante, seis observaron una reducción en los radicales libres. Cinco de los seis estudios sobre mediadores inflamatorios reportaron mejoras; sin embargo, ninguno de los seis estudios que evaluaron el perfil glucémico encontró beneficios significativos.</italic></p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title><italic>Conclusión:</italic></title>
					<p><italic>El consumo de açaí demostró efectos beneficiosos para la salud humana, sin contraindicaciones reportadas. No obstante, debido a la heterogeneidad de los estudios, se requieren investigaciones adicionales con muestras representativas e intervenciones estandarizadas para una evaluación más precisa de dichos beneficios.</italic></p>
				</sec>
			</trans-abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<title>Descritores:</title>
				<kwd>Euterpe</kwd>
				<kwd>Saúde</kwd>
				<kwd>Adolescente</kwd>
				<kwd>Adulto</kwd>
				<kwd>Idoso</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="es">
				<title>Descriptores:</title>
				<kwd>Euterpe</kwd>
				<kwd>Salud</kwd>
				<kwd>Adolescente</kwd>
				<kwd>Adulto</kwd>
				<kwd>Anciano</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="2"/>
				<table-count count="6"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="39"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<sec sec-type="intro">
			<title>INTRODUÇÃO</title>
			<p>O açaí (<italic>Euterpe oleracea</italic>) é um dos alimentos mais populares da região Amazônica, sendo um fruto da palmeira nativa<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref>. Com uma forma de ingestão que abrange múltiplos formatos - tais como suco, polpa, sorvete, <italic>smoothies</italic>, geleia, xarope<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> -, além do grande valor nutritivo agregado, estudos recentes consideram o açaí um alimento funcional, ou seja, pode afetar uma ou mais funções-alvo no corpo de forma benéfica, reduzir o risco de doenças e proporcionar a manutenção da saúde<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref>.</p>
			<p>Diversos estudos destacam que as propriedades presentes no açaí são responsáveis pelos efeitos benéficos à saúde, uma vez que ele é um alimento rico em polifenóis e apresentam em sua composição quantidades significativas de antocianinas, substância que pertence ao grupo dos flavonoides<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref>. As antocianinas atuam na modulação do metabolismo de lipídeos e também possuem propriedades anti-inflamatórias, o que reduz o estresse oxidativo causado por doenças crônicas e consequentemente seus danos ao organismo<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref>.</p>
			<p>Por ser um alimento funcional, o açaí tem potencial para ser utilizado como ferramenta nutricional para promoção da saúde e tem recebido crescente atenção como estratégia para mitigar o impacto das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, incluindo obesidade, diabetes tipo 2, hipertensão e doenças cardiovasculares<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref>. Essas condições representam desafios globais, gerando custos elevados para sistemas de saúde e reduzindo a qualidade de vida da população<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref>.</p>
			<p>Quando se trata da melhora dos níveis de glicemia e pressão arterial, o açaí pode ser responsável pelo controle dessas patologias, uma vez que a ingestão teria potencial para diminuir os níveis de lipoproteínas de baixa densidade (LDL) e aumentar os níveis da lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL), o que pode ocasionar benefícios importantes para os indivíduos e para a saúde pública, como a prevenção e controle dos efeitos da síndrome metabólica e prevenção de efeitos cardiovasculares<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref>.</p>
			<p>Assim, considerando a ação nutritiva do açaí, seu amplo consumo em regiões de vulnerabilidade em todo o Brasil e seu potencial papel como aliado na promoção da saúde, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar sistematicamente as evidências sobre os efeitos do consumo de açaí na saúde humana. </p>
		</sec>
		<sec>
			<title>MÉTODO</title>
			<p>Essa revisão sistemática, que seguiu as diretrizes do <italic>Preferred Reporting Items for Sys-tematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses</italic> (PRISMA) 2020, apresentou-se com o intuito de ajudar os revisores da revisão sistemática a relatar de forma transparente e padronizada sobre o processo de produção da revisão<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref>.</p>
			<p>As pesquisas nas bases de dados foram realizadas na BVS, PubMed, <italic>Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials</italic> e Embase. Os descritores utilizados foram aqueles contidos nos seus respectivos vocabulários controlados, DeCS (Descritor em Ciência da Saúde), MeSH (<italic>Medical Subject Headings</italic>) e Emtree, com todas as variações relacionadas: açaí, saúde, criança, adolescente, adulto e idoso. Termos alternativos foram agrupados usando o operador <italic>booleano OR</italic>, e termos diferentes foram agrupados usando o operador booleano <italic>AND</italic>.</p>
			<p>Os artigos selecionados pela estratégia de busca foram combinados com o aplicativo de <italic>web Rayyan</italic> para remoção de duplicata e primeira etapa de seleção. A primeira etapa da seleção consistiu na leitura de título e resumo por dois pesquisadores, com a opção duplo-cego ativa, apresentando os conflitos solucionados por um terceiro pesquisador. Por fim, os artigos considerados elegíveis foram minuciosamente analisados, quando disponíveis integralmente para confirmar se atendiam aos critérios de inclusão.</p>
			<p>Assim, foram incluídos os ensaios clínicos, estudos de coorte, relato de caso e estudo observacional que investigaram a relação entre o consumo de açaí de diversas formas (suco, polpa, suplementos, extratos e outros derivados) e a saúde humana, incluindo estudos sobre seus efeitos fisiológicos, benefícios para a saúde ou possíveis riscos, publicados entre janeiro de 2014 e janeiro de 2024, nos idiomas inglês, português ou espanhol. A população de interesse deste estudo foram indivíduos de qualquer gênero e condições de saúde. Os estudos foram excluídos quando eram realizados em animais, ou que não tivesse foco direto na relação entre o consumo de açaí e a saúde humana ou que tivessem metodologia que comprometesse a validade dos resultados ou que não estivessem disponíveis em sua íntegra.</p>
			<p>De acordo com as diretrizes PRISMA, utilizou-se a estratégia apresentada na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela I</xref> para formular a base de critérios de elegibilidade preespecificado pela estrutura PICO (participantes, intervenção, comparabilidade, resultados).</p>
			<p>
				<table-wrap id="t1">
					<label>Tabela I</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Estratégia PICO utilizada para elaboração da pergunta norteadora e critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Belém, PA, Brasil. 2024.</title>
					</caption>
					<table>
						<colgroup>
							<col/>
							<col/>
						</colgroup>
						<tbody>
							<tr>
								<td align="justify">População</td>
								<td align="justify">Seres humanos de qualquer gênero e qualquer condição de saúde</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="justify">Intervenção</td>
								<td align="justify">Consumo regular de açaí, seja na forma de frutas frescas, sucos, suplementos ou outros produtos derivados.</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="justify">Comparação</td>
								<td align="justify">Grupos que não consomem açaí ou mesmo grupo avaliado sem o consumo e após o consumo.</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="justify">Resultados</td>
								<td align="justify">Alterações benéficas ou maléficas devido ao consumo de açaí.</td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
					<table-wrap-foot>
						<fn id="TFN1">
							<p>Fonte: Próprios autores.</p>
						</fn>
					</table-wrap-foot>
				</table-wrap>
			</p>
			<p>Dessa forma, este estudo se propõe a responder a seguinte pergunta: Quais as repercussões do consumo de açaí para a saúde humana?</p>
			<p>Por meio da estratégia de busca utilizada, identificaram-se 75 estudos com potencial para serem selecionados. Com o uso do filtro do período de publicação em cada base de dados, na qual os estudos deveriam estar entre janeiro de 2014 a janeiro de 2024, restaram 65 estudos; ainda, com a remoção de duplicatas, permaneceram 40 publicações. Uma triagem por leitura de títulos e resumos para identificar o cumprimento dos critérios de elegibilidade levou a uma seleção provisória de 18 publicações. Desses, cinco artigos não puderam ser recuperados por não estarem disponíveis integralmente de forma gratuita, além de um se apresentar como um estudo em animais. Após a análise completa dos artigos, 12 estudos atendiam aos critérios de inclusão e discutiam os efeitos do consumo regular de açaí para a saúde em seres humanos. Uma síntese desse processo está representada no fluxograma PRISMA, contido na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>.</p>
			<p>
				<fig id="f1">
					<label>Figura 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Fluxograma do processo de identificação, triagem e inclusão dos estudos.</title>
					</caption>
					<graphic xlink:href="1806-1230-rbps-38-e15369-gf1.png"/>
					<attrib>Fonte: Próprios autores. Modelo adaptado do fluxograma PRISMA.</attrib>
				</fig>
			</p>
			<p>A escala <italic>Newcastle-Ottawa</italic> (NOS) foi utilizada para avaliação da qualidade metodológica dos estudos primários. Esse instrumento atribui até 9 estrelas, com base em três critérios principais: seleção dos participantes (máximo de 4 estrelas), comparabilidade (máximo de 2 estrelas) e exposição (para estudos prospectivos ou transversais) ou resultado, para estudos de caso e controle (máximo de 3 estrelas)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref>.</p>
			<p>A classificação metodológica adotada seguiu três categorias: bom, razoável e ruim, conforme recomendado por estudo prévio<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref>. Estudos classificados como de “boa” qualidade metodológica devem receber 3-4 estrelas em seleção, 1-2 em comparabilidade e 2-3 em exposição. A categoria “razoável” exige 2 estrelas em seleção, 1-2 em comparabilidade e 2-3 em exposição. Por outro lado, qualidade metodológica “ruim” aplica-se a estudos com no máximo de 1 estrela em seleção, nenhuma em comparabilidade e até 1 estrela em exposição<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref>.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="results">
			<title><bold>RESULTADOS</bold></title>
			<p>Os dados extraídos de cada um dos 12 estudos primários, obtidos pela estratégia de busca, foram sintetizados e estão apresentados no <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Quadro 1</xref>.</p>
			<p>
				<table-wrap id="t2">
					<label>Quadro 1:</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Distribuição dos estudos incluídos na revisão sistemática, segundo autor, ano de publicação, desenho do estudo, dados amostrais, objetivo, intervenções e desfecho positivo. Belém, PA, Brasil. (2014-2024).</title>
					</caption>
					<table>
						<colgroup>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
						</colgroup>
						<thead>
							<tr>
								<th align="center">Autor, ano</th>
								<th align="center">Desenho do estudo</th>
								<th align="center">Tamanho da amostra, faixa etária, gênero e estado de saúde</th>
								<th align="center">Objetivo do estudo</th>
								<th align="center">Intervenção e forma de consumo</th>
								<th align="center">Desfecho positivo</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">Alqurashi et al. (2016)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref>
								</td>
								<td align="center">Ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo-cego</td>
								<td align="left">n=23; 60-65 anos; masculino; saudáveis, mas com IMC entre 25-30kg/m².</td>
								<td align="left">Investigar o efeito do consumo de açaí nas alterações agudas da função vascular e em outros marcadores de risco de doenças.</td>
								<td align="center">200g de <italic>smoothie</italic> (açaí com banana), de manhã.</td>
								<td align="left">Melhorias clínica significativa da função vascular em indivíduos com sobrepeso.</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">Aranha et al. (2019)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref>
								</td>
								<td align="center">Ensaio clínico randomizado</td>
								<td align="left">n=69; 20-59 anos; ambos os sexos; com IMC≥25 kg/m² e pelo menos uma alteração do perfil lipídico.</td>
								<td align="left">Avaliar os efeitos de uma dieta hipoenergética associada ao consumo de açaí sobre o estresse oxidativo e antioxidante e biomarcadores inflamatórios em indivíduos dislipidêmicos e com sobrepeso.</td>
								<td align="center">200 g/dia de polpa de açaí por 60 dias no café da manhã.</td>
								<td align="left">Redução de estresse oxidativo e melhora no estado inflamatório em indivíduos com sobrepeso e dislipidêmicos.</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">Barbosa et al. 2015<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref>
								</td>
								<td align="center">Estudo de intervenção nutricional</td>
								<td align="left">n=35; 18-35 anos; feminino; IMC entre 18,5 e 29.9 kg/m².</td>
								<td align="left">Avaliar o efeito da polpa de açaí na prevenção do dano oxidativo medindo a atividade do antioxidante de enzimas e biomarcadores de oxidação de proteínas em mulheres.</td>
								<td align="center">200 g/dia de polpa de açaí por 4 semanas.</td>
								<td align="left">Benefício antioxidante do açaí dietético para mulheres saudáveis.</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">Oppitz et al. (2021)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16"><sup>16</sup></xref>
								</td>
								<td align="center">Ensaio clínico randomizado</td>
								<td align="left">n=30; &gt;18 anos; ambos os sexos; acometidos por zumbido crônico e algum grau de ansiedade.</td>
								<td align="left">Investigar os efeitos da suplementação antioxidante com extrato de açaí no incômodo com o zumbido crônico e a relação com os níveis de ansiedade e metabolismo oxidativo.</td>
								<td align="center">100mg/cápsula de extrato de açaí seco, uma vez ao dia, por 3 meses.</td>
								<td align="left">Redução na percepção e incômodo do zumbindo.</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">
									<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">Liz et al. (2020</xref>)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref>
								</td>
								<td align="center">Estudo cruzado randomizado simples-cego</td>
								<td align="left">n=30; 19-59 anos; ambos os sexos; IMC entre 18,5 e 24,9kg/m².</td>
								<td align="left">Avaliar os efeitos da ingestão moderada de açaí e suco de juçara no jejum nos níveis de glicose, perfil lipídico e biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo em indivíduos saudáveis.</td>
								<td align="center">200 mL/dia de suco de juçara ou açaí por 4 semanas, com período de intervalo de 4 semanas.</td>
								<td align="left">Melhora nos níveis de HDL-c, nas atividades de enzimas antioxidantes, que podem contribuir para a saúde cardiovascular.</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">Pala et al. (2017)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref>
								</td>
								<td align="center">Estudo prospectivo</td>
								<td align="left">n=40; 18-35 anos; feminino; saudáveis, porém com IMC entre 18,5 e 30 Kg/m², sem alteração do peso corporal &gt; 10% e outros parâmetros.</td>
								<td align="left">Importância da avaliação do açaí como alimento funcional.</td>
								<td align="center">200 g/dia de polpa de açaí por 4 semanas.</td>
								<td align="left">Melhora no metabolismo redox e transferências lipídicas para HDL. </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">
									<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">Pereira et al. (2015</xref>)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref>
								</td>
								<td align="center">Estudo de caso e controle</td>
								<td align="left">n=40; 18-35 anos; feminino; PA&lt;135x85mmHg, alteração de peso corporal abaixo de 10%, e glicemia em jejum &lt;100mg/dL</td>
								<td align="left">Avaliar o efeito do consumo da polpa de açaí sobre os marcadores inflamatórios, medidas antropométricas, composição corporal, parâmetros bioquímicos e dietéticos em mulheres saudáveis.</td>
								<td align="center">200g/dia de polpa de açaí por 4 semanas.</td>
								<td align="left">Aumento da sensibilidade à insulina em mulheres com sobrepeso; redução do PAI-1 em mulheres com sobrepeso; melhor redistribuição da gordura corporal no grupo eutrófico; redução da gordura corporal subcutânea no grupo eutrófico; diminuição da PA no grupo com sobrepeso.</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">Santamarina et al. (2019)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20"><sup>20</sup></xref>
								</td>
								<td align="center">Ensaio clínico randomizado duplo-cego</td>
								<td align="left">n=27; 31-59 anos; ambos os sexos; IMC entre 30 e 39,9 kg/m²</td>
								<td align="left">Investigar o efeito da ingestão de polpa de juçara no estado inflamatório de monócitos de indivíduos obesos.</td>
								<td align="center">5 g de polpa de juçara liofilizada por 6 semanas.</td>
								<td align="left">Combate o estado pró-inflamatório da obesidade.</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">
									<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">Silva; et al. (2020</xref>)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21"><sup>21</sup></xref>
								</td>
								<td align="center">Estudo transversal, retrospectivo e analítico</td>
								<td align="left">n=150; 12-80 anos; feminino; 20 eram diabéticas, 10 cardiopatas, 34 eram hipertensas, 2 tiveram câncer anteriormente.</td>
								<td align="left">Analisar a relação entre consumo de açaí e a presença de doenças crônicas em mulheres residentes na zona rural de São Luís, Maranhão.</td>
								<td align="center">Número de consumo diferente por semana de suco, polpa e sorvete de açaí.</td>
								<td align="left">O estudo evidenciou uma tendência do açaí em reduzir a diabetes e a hipertensão em mulheres.</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">Sousa et al. (2018)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22"><sup>22</sup></xref>
								</td>
								<td align="center">Estudo prospectivo, autocontrolado</td>
								<td align="left">n=31; 18-35 anos; feminino; saudáveis.</td>
								<td align="left">Avaliar o efeito do consumo da polpa de açaí sobre variáveis bioquímicas, antropométricas e dietéticas relacionadas à ingestão alimentar em mulheres com peso normal e excesso de peso.</td>
								<td align="center">200g de polpa de açaí, durante 4 semanas.</td>
								<td align="left">Aumento na concentração de ACTH, redução de PYY e leptina no grupo eutrófico; aumento de ACTH, α-MSH e NT, e redução na CC e no ICQ no grupo com excesso de peso; redução da ingestão calórica média de ambos os grupos após a intervenção; melhora na composição corporal de mulheres acima do peso. </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">
									<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">Gale et al. (2014</xref>)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23"><sup>23</sup></xref>
								</td>
								<td align="center">Ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo-cego controlado por placebo</td>
								<td align="left">n=18; &gt;18 anos; ambos os sexos; saudáveis</td>
								<td align="left">Avaliar as condições hemodinâmicas e eletrocardiográficas dos efeitos do açaí em uma população voluntária saudável. </td>
								<td align="center">500mg apenas uma vez de cápsula gel.</td>
								<td align="left">Sem benefício. </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">
									<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">Jamar et al. (2017</xref>)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref>
								</td>
								<td align="center">Estudo piloto randomizado</td>
								<td align="left">n=36; 31-59 anos; ambos os sexos; acometido por sobrepeso ou obesidade</td>
								<td align="left">Analisar efeitos da suplementação de juçara na composição corporal, parâmetros metabólicos e processos inflamatórios. </td>
								<td align="center">50g de polpa de açaí por 6 semanas.</td>
								<td align="left">Aumento de adiponectina e de massa magra; redução de gordura corporal.</td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
				</table-wrap>
			</p>
			<p>Os resultados da avaliação da qualidade metodológica utilizando a escala NOS são apresentados na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela II</xref>. A classificação adotada foi de bom, razoável e ruim<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref>. Com base nessa classificação, seis estudos foram considerados bons. Desses, um atingiu a pontuação máxima 9/9, três foram considerados razoáveis e três ruins.</p>
			<p>
				<table-wrap id="t3">
					<label>Tabela II</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Avaliação da qualidade metodológica dos estudos pela <italic>Newcastle-Ottawa Scale</italic> (NOS). Belém, PA, Brasil. 2024</title>
					</caption>
					<table>
						<colgroup>
							<col/>
							<col span="3"/>
							<col span="3"/>
							<col span="3"/>
							<col/>
						</colgroup>
						<thead>
							<tr>
								<th align="center">Estudo</th>
								<th align="center" colspan="3">Seleção </th>
								<th align="center" colspan="3">Contabilidade </th>
								<th align="center" colspan="3">Exposição </th>
								<th align="center">Resultado</th>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th align="left"> </th>
								<th align="center">1</th>
								<th align="center">2</th>
								<th align="center">3</th>
								<th align="center">4</th>
								<th align="center">1</th>
								<th align="center">2</th>
								<th align="center">1</th>
								<th align="center">2</th>
								<th align="center">3</th>
								<th align="center">9/9</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr>
								<td align="justify">Alqurashi et al. (2016)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref>
								</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★ </td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">9/9</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="justify">Aranha et al. (2019)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref>
								</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">7/9</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="justify">Barbosa et al. (2015)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref>
								</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">5/9</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="justify">Oppitz et al. (2021)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16"><sup>16</sup></xref>
								</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">8/9</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="justify">
									<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">Liz et al. (2020</xref>)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref>
								</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">5/9</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="justify">Pala et al. (2017)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref>
								</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">★ </td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">7/9</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="justify">
									<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">Pereira et al. (2015</xref>)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref>
								</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★ </td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">7/9</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="justify">Santamarina et al. (2019)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20"><sup>20</sup></xref>
								</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">7/9</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="justify">
									<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">Silva; et al. (2020</xref>)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21"><sup>21</sup></xref>
								</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">6/9</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="justify">Sousa et al., 2018<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22"><sup>22</sup></xref>
								</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">6/9</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="justify">
									<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">Gale; Kaur; Baker (2014</xref>)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23"><sup>23</sup></xref>
								</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="left"> </td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">8/9</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="justify">
									<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">Jamar et al. (2017</xref>)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref>
								</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">★</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">7/9</td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
					<table-wrap-foot>
						<fn id="TFN2">
							<p>Legenda: Pontua no item específico (★), Não pontua no item específico (-).</p>
						</fn>
						<fn id="TFN3">
							<p>Fonte: Próprios autores.</p>
						</fn>
					</table-wrap-foot>
				</table-wrap>
			</p>
			<p>Dos artigos selecionados, oito estudos observaram os aspectos relacionados ao sistema cardiovascular<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21"><sup>21</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23"><sup>23</sup></xref>. Um ensaio clínico randomizado<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref>, que utilizou o sistema <italic>ALT Ultrasound HDI-15000 (ATL Ultrasound),</italic> combinado com sistema de análise computadorizado semiautomático (<italic>Brachial Analyzer; Medical Imaging Formulários</italic>), teve a FMD (<italic>Flow-Mediated Dilation</italic>) da artéria braquial como medida de desfecho primário do estudo. Neste estudo, apesar de ter sido feito uma intervenção aguda a curto prazo, foi observado que houve melhora na função vascular. Além disso, dos oito estudos que analisaram a pressão arterial, seis não obtiveram mudança significativa de PA<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21"><sup>21</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23"><sup>23</sup></xref> e dois observaram redução de PA<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23"><sup>23</sup></xref>, outrossim, um deles apresentou redução da pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) em pé<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23"><sup>23</sup></xref>. Os estudos relataram diferentes formas para aferição da pressão arterial, como a média da aferição sendo realizada três vezes com o aparelho OMRON-M6 (HEM-7211-E8), por meio de questionário<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21"><sup>21</sup></xref>, seguindo protocolo preconizado pela sociedade brasileira de cardiologia de 2016<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22"><sup>22</sup></xref>. Um dos estudos não relata como foi realizada<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23"><sup>23</sup></xref> a aferição, enquanto outros utilizaram o método auscultatório<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref>, pela média de três medidas alternadas utilizando o aparelho oscilométrico OMRON 795 CP<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref>, e aferição de pressão arterial três vezes<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref> e utilizando o aparelho de pressão OMRON® (modelo HEM-705CP)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref>.</p>
			<p>Por fim, nesses estudos, a pressão arterial foi mensurada mais de uma vez, mas sem obtenção de alteração significativa. Além disso, as amostras destes estudos apresentam-se reduzidas.</p>
			<p>Entre os estudos selecionadas, oito abordaram o impacto do consumo de açaí no metabolismo lipídico e na adiposidade<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20"><sup>20</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22"><sup>22</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref>. Ainda, seis identificaram benefícios, como melhora nas concentrações de LDL e na modulação da resposta inflamatória<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref>; aumento na apolipoproteína A1, principal componente proteico do HDL, e maior transferência de lipídios para o HDL, sendo fundamental para o seu metabolismo<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref>; elevação dos níveis de HDL<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref>; e efeitos positivos em parâmetros antropométricos, bioquímicos, inflamatórios e dietéticos por meio da ação benéfica da ingestão de polpa de açaí. Estes últimos incluem aumento na sensibilidade à insulina em mulheres com sobrepeso, redução e redistribuição da gordura corporal, principalmente para a região do tronco; possível aumento de gordura intramuscular e visceral, além de redução da gordura subcutânea<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref>; modulação inflamatória na obesidade<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20"><sup>20</sup></xref>; regulação de biomarcadores endócrinos envolvidos no controle da ingesta alimentar e a melhora na composição corporal de mulheres com excesso de peso<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22"><sup>22</sup></xref>; além de elevação da adiponectina, aumento da massa magra e redução da gordura corporal<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref>. Entretanto, dois estudos não identificaram efeitos adicionais nas medidas antropométricas, pressão arterial e perfil lipídico<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref> e outro estudo não observou alterações significativas nos níveis de colesterol total, LDL e HDL<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref>.</p>
			<p>Os efeitos antioxidantes do açaí foram avaliados em sete estudos dos 12 que foram selecionados para esta revisão sistemática<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref>. Desses sete estudos, apenas um<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref> não demonstrou redução significativa de radicais livres após a intervenção com açaí. Um ensaio clínico randomizado duplo-cego<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref> utilizou biomarcadores para sinalizar que seus pacientes sofreram melhoras na capacidade antioxidante após a intervenção, assim como outro estudo que também utilizou desse mesmo método para atingir seu objetivo de estudo<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref>. Um estudo de intervenção nutricional demonstrou que a ingestão de açaí aumentou a atividade da catalase e a capacidade antioxidante total (TAC) do organismo e, como consequência, reduziu a produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs). Também foi observada a redução da concentração sérica de proteínas carbonila e o aumento dos grupos sulfidrila séricos totais<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref>. Outro estudo, que também observou alterações na TAC, foi o estudo prospectivo que demonstrou em sua análise que as espécies reativas de oxigênio produzidas pelos neutrófilos diminuíram em 21% após o consumo de açaí e os níveis de TAC aumentaram após a ingestão de açaí, sugerindo, assim, que a fruta tem a capacidade de promover uma melhora geral no estado oxidativo<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref>. Dois ensaios clínicos randomizados demonstraram que a diminuição de radicais livres, por conta do efeito antioxidante do açaí, contribuiu significativamente para a prevenção de doenças<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16"><sup>16</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref>. No entanto, houve um estudo de caso e controle com uma amostra de 40 participantes que não encontrou diferença da TAC antes e após a intervenção com uso de açaí<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref>.</p>
			<p>Outra pesquisa que relatou sobre a importância do efeito antioxidante do açaí foi um artigo prospectivo, que não realizou uma análise direta com marcadores bioquímicos sobre os efeitos antioxidantes. No entanto, o autor reconhece o efeito antioxidante do açaí sobre a sua pesquisa<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21"><sup>21</sup></xref>.</p>
			<p>Dos artigos selecionados, seis analisaram o efeito do consumo do açaí em relação aos mediadores inflamatórios<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20"><sup>20</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22"><sup>22</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref>. Destes, o ensaio clínico randomizado duplo-cego com indivíduos dislipidêmicos e com sobrepeso apresentou uma significativa diminuição nos níveis plasmáticos de IL-6 no grupo que consumiu açaí, enquanto os níveis de IFN-γ diminuíram tanto no grupo controle quanto no grupo experimental<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref>. Sob essa perspectiva, um ensaio clínico randomizado simples-cego constatou que o suco de açaí e de juçara apresentam alto teor de compostos bioativos, como antocianinas (ACNs), que têm potencial efeito anti-inflamatório<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref>. Outro ensaio clínico randomizado duplo-cego com pessoas obesas evidenciou uma redução em TLR4 e IL-6, e um aumento em IL-10 no grupo experimental. Além disso, observou-se uma redução da expressão de MYD88 no grupo que consumiu juçara em comparação com o placebo. Também houve uma redução no pIKKα/β e maiores níveis de proteína Ob-R no grupo juçara pós-tratamento, em comparação com o pré-tratamento. Já no grupo juçara com LPS, houve uma redução na produção de IL-6, TNF-α e MCP-1 pelos monócitos, bem como um aumento da IL-10, em comparação com o pré-tratamento e em relação ao grupo juçara sem LPS<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20"><sup>20</sup></xref>.</p>
			<p>Um estudo de caso e controle observou que, para mulheres, o efeito da intervenção (consumo de 200g de açaí) em um contexto de vida livre, durante quatro semanas, mostrou apenas alteração no aumento do PAI-1 nas voluntárias com sobrepeso e peso normal, bem como alteração do EGF e PAI-1 no grupo com sobrepeso<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref>. Por outro lado, um estudo prospectivo realizado com mulheres com sobrepeso e peso normal revelou que não houve diferença no perfil dos marcadores inflamatórios entre os grupos avaliados<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22"><sup>22</sup></xref>. Um estudo-piloto randomizado duplo-cego com indivíduos com sobrepeso ou obesidade avaliou o perfil inflamatório, verificando os níveis de PAI-1 e adiponectinas. O grupo que fez uso de juçara teve um aumento significativo de adiponectina (0.95 μg/mL, p = 0.01), mas os níveis de PAI-1 não apresentaram alterações significativas<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref>.</p>
			<p>O ensaio clínico randomizado duplo-cego com indivíduos dislipidêmicos e sobrepeso não apresentou diferenças nos níveis de glicose<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref>. Um estudo cruzado randomizado simples-cego com o consumo de suco de açaí ou juçara apresentou que a ingestão do suco de açaí por quatro semanas elevou os níveis de glicose em 7,3%, enquanto que o suco de juçara não teve efeito<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref>. Um estudo-piloto randomizado duplo-cego com indivíduos com sobrepeso ou obesidade não encontrou diferenças nos níveis de glicose entre o grupo que fez uso de juçara e o grupo que não o fez<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref>. Um estudo prospectivo com 40 mulheres, durante quatro semanas, apresentou que o consumo de 200g de polpa de açaí não alterou os níveis de glicose e insulina nas voluntárias, mas a concentração de APO-I no plasma sanguíneo aumentou depois do consumo de açaí, e, ainda, apresentou constatações de um aumento de 23% aproximadamente da ingestão de fibras diárias<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref> por parte das voluntárias. Um ensaio clínico duplo-cego realizado com homens com sobrepeso não apresentou mudanças significativas nos níveis de glicose entre aqueles que tomaram <italic>smootie</italic> de açaí e os que consumiram placebo, mas vale mencionar que o grupo-experimento apresentou seu primeiro pico de insulina pós-prandial e área incremental sob a curva para insulina (iAUC) maior que o grupo placebo<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref>. Por último, apresentou-se um estudo de intervenção nutricional em mulheres, sem alterações nos níveis de glicose e insulina<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref>.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="discussion">
			<title>DISCUSSÃO</title>
			<p>Os estudos analisados sugerem que o consumo do açaí pode estar associado aos benefícios cardiovasculares, evidenciado seu potencial em contribuir para a promoção de saúde desse sistema.</p>
			<p>Um ensaio clínico randomizado revelou uma possível melhora na função vascular<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref>, sugerindo que a presença de polifenóis no açaí seriam responsáveis por esse efeito. O efeito cardioprotetor do açaí é descrito na literatura<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref>, porém outros compostos podem ter causado esse efeito, uma vez que o mecanismo pelo qual os compostos fenólicos melhoram a função endotelial não é completamente claro. É válido destacar que é possível que essa melhora possa estar relacionada com a sua ação antioxidante, que é bem descrita na literatura<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25"><sup>25</sup></xref>. Além disso, como o estudo foi feito por meio de uma intervenção aguda, a curto prazo<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref>, não é possível dizer que a longo prazo esse resultado vai se manter ou se haverá adaptações fisiológicas que compensariam os benefícios relatados neste estudo de curto prazo.</p>
			<p>Em relação à pressão arterial, seis estudos não identificaram alterações significativas para a população que consumiu o açaí. Entretanto, dois estudos identificaram a influência positiva para o consumo<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21"><sup>21</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23"><sup>23</sup></xref>, com maior prevalência de hipertensão arterial na população que não consumia açaí<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21"><sup>21</sup></xref>, além de uma redução na pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) em pé devido à intervenção com o açaí. A redução de pressão arterial, devido à intervenção do açaí, também foi reconhecida em outras literaturas<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26"><sup>26</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27"><sup>27</sup></xref><sup>).</sup></p>
			<p>Assim, mesmo que nenhum estudo incluído nesta revisão tenha relatado efeitos colaterais e alguns tenham relatado possíveis benefícios do consumo de açaí para a para a saúde cardiovascular, não é possível generalizar esses resultados devido à heterogeneidade das amostras, à falta de padronização nos estudos e nas formas de aferir a PA, além do reduzido número das amostras. Entretanto, apesar desses fatores, e devido ao alto consumo desse alimento, principalmente por populações de baixa renda de diversas regiões do Brasil, o açaí pode se tornar um aliado na promoção da saúde cardiovascular, o que evidencia a necessidade de pesquisas futuras para a compreensão do efeito cardioprotetor do açaí, bem como no fortalecimento dos achados deste estudo, uma vez que esse tipo de estudo não é comumente realizado em humanos.</p>
			<p>Além disso, foi analisado o efeito do consumo do açaí no metabolismo lipídico e adiposidade, pois sabe-se que esta é uma patologia de amplitude global, a qual acarreta no aumento de substâncias pró-inflamatórias e na gênese e no agravamento de diversas doenças, como as doenças cardiovasculares, metabólicas, respiratórias, osteoarticulares, neurológicas, entre outras<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28"><sup>28</sup></xref>.</p>
			<p>Dos oito estudos que analisaram esse parâmetro, foi possível identificar melhorias nas concentrações de LDL, além de uma modulação da resposta inflamatória, resultando na redução do risco cardiovascular e na regulação do sistema imunológico<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref>. Resultados semelhantes são encontrados na literatura, associando o consumo de açaí com a diminuição do risco cardiovascular, embora sempre ressaltando a heterogeneidade dos estudos e a necessidade de mais trabalhos sobre o tópico<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29"><sup>29</sup></xref>.</p>
			<p>Apesar desses resultados positivos, um dos estudos não observou alterações nas medidas antropométricas, pressão arterial e perfil lipídico durante o período de intervenção<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref>. Essa falta de impacto pode indicar que outros fatores, além do consumo de açaí, podem influenciar esses parâmetros ou que a duração da intervenção pode não ter sido suficiente para observar mudanças significativas.</p>
			<p>Embora dois estudos não tenham observado alterações significativas nos níveis de colesterol total, LDL e HDL<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref>, um estudo identificou elevação nas concentrações de HDL em pacientes com consumo recorrente de sucos de juçara<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref>. Além disso, outro estudo identificou mudanças nos parâmetros antropométricos e bioquímicos após consumo de açaí, incluindo aumento na sensibilidade à insulina e redistribuição da gordura corporal, especialmente em mulheres com sobrepeso<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref>.</p>
			<p>Modulação inflamatória, regulação endócrina<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20"><sup>20</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22"><sup>22</sup></xref> e o potencial do açaí como uma ferramenta na abordagem da obesidade e suas complicações metabólicas não foram fatores incomuns na literatura pesquisada para esse trabalho <sup>(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref>.</p>
			<p>Um estudo identificou aumento significativo nos níveis de adiponectina e na massa livre de gordura, juntamente com uma redução na gordura corporal após a suplementação com a polpa de açaí<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref>. Esses resultados sugerem um potencial efeito positivo do açaí na composição corporal e no metabolismo lipídico, corroborado por outros trabalhos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref>.</p>
			<p>Dessa forma, mais estudos sobre o impacto do consumo do açaí na melhoria do perfil lipídico e adiposidade precisam ser realizados. É evidente o potencial que este alimento tem para ser utilizado como estratégia nutricional e terapêutica no auxílio contra a obesidade e, consequentemente, ao evitar o surgimento e agravamento de diversas doenças, o que poderia tornar o açaí um alimento ideal para a manutenção da saúde da população.</p>
			<p>Entre as pesquisas selecionadas, destacam-se sete estudos que relataram os efeitos antioxidantes do açaí sobre o organismo humano<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref>. Os artigos foram minuciosamente analisados, visando contribuir para uma visão ampla e integrada da temática, o que considera o impacto do consumo de alimentos funcionais na promoção da saúde e na prevenção de doenças relacionadas ao estresse oxidativo.</p>
			<p>Um ensaio clínico randomizado apresentou que o estresse oxidativo contribui para diversas patologias como dislipidemia, hipertensão, resistência à insulina e diabetes <italic>mellitus</italic> tipo II. O açaí, então, apresenta-se como um importante fator que contribui para a diminuição dos radicais livres com seu efeito antioxidante<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref>. Resultados similares foram corroborados por outros ensaios clínicos, que enfatizaram o fato de o fruto ser rico em polifenóis, com a capacidade de eliminar radicais livres do organismo<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16"><sup>16</sup></xref>. </p>
			<p>Um estudo de intervenção nutricional realizou uma pesquisa com 35 mulheres, de 18 a 35 anos, com a finalidade de demonstrar que o açaí possui efeito benéfico na prevenção do dano oxidativo. A pesquisa demonstrou que o consumo regular da polpa aumentou a atividade da catalase e a capacidade antioxidante total, diminuindo a produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio e da concentração sérica de proteínas carbonila, além de aumentar os grupos sulfidrila séricos totais<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref>. Duas outras pesquisas colaboram com essas descobertas ao destacar, principalmente, os efeitos positivos do consumo regular de açaí nos níveis da capacidade antioxidante plasmática (TAC)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref>.</p>
			<p>No entanto, um estudo de caso e controle não observou mudanças nos parâmetros oxidativos dos participantes da sua pesquisa, o que se deve a diversos motivos, entre eles a falta de controle sobre a alimentação dos seus voluntários<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref>. Essa variabilidade demonstra a importância de estudos bem delineados para controlar fatores externos que podem influenciar os resultados<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30"><sup>30</sup></xref>.</p>
			<p>A uniformidade nos resultados entre os estudos é notável, demonstrando uma convergência em relação aos possíveis benefícios do consumo de açaí para a diminuição de radicais livres. Quase a totalidade dos artigos analisados demonstrou uma melhora significativa nos parâmetros bioquímicos relacionados ao consumo do açaí. Somente um estudo não observou mudança nos parâmetros oxidativos após a intervenção, no entanto, o autor enfatizou que isso pode ser devido, possivelmente, aos voluntários consumirem alimentos ricos em outros antioxidantes, substituindo o efeito antioxidante das antocianinas do açaí<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref>.</p>
			<p>Os achados dessas pesquisas corroboram com evidências já existentes, destacando os efeitos antioxidantes do açaí para a saúde, bem como o potencial do fruto como um recurso relevante na orientação de práticas alimentares para a promoção de saúde e para prevenção de doenças crônicas associadas ao estresse oxidativo<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30"><sup>30</sup></xref>.</p>
			<p>Dos artigos selecionados para esta revisão, seis avaliaram o consumo de açaí na dieta, com resultados que demonstram a consistência nos estudos analisados em relação aos efeitos benéficos do consumo de açaí sobre os mediadores inflamatórios, com destaque para pessoas com sobrepeso ou obesidade<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20"><sup>20</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22"><sup>22</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref>. Além disso, um dos estudos que avaliou pessoas saudáveis afirma que o suco de açaí e de juçara apresenta alto teor de compostos bioativos antocianinas (ACNs), os quais têm potencial efeito anti-inflamatório<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref>. Porém, um estudo prospectivo não apresentou alterações nos mediadores inflamatórios em mulheres com sobrepeso e com peso normal<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22"><sup>22</sup></xref>.</p>
			<p>Os efeitos encontrados nos trabalhos analisados estão em consonância à literatura, como em um estudo <italic>in vitro</italic> que demonstrou que o extrato hidroalcoólico da polpa e da casca do açaí atuou diminuindo a elevação de citocinas pró-inflamatórias (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α e IFN- γ, ROS e óxido nítrico) e demonstrou a elevação dos níveis anti-inflamatórios de IL-10 em um modelo inflamatório com macrófagos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31"><sup>31</sup></xref>. Além disso, um estudo experimental e descritivo encontrou que o estrato polifenólico de açaí pode exercer efeito anti-inflamatório nas células intestinais, mediado, pelo menos em parte, pela inibição de ERO e pela expressão de TLR-4 e NF-κB<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32"><sup>32</sup></xref>. Mesmo assim, um estudo prospectivo não apresentou diferença nas concentrações de mediadores inflamatórios entre o grupo com sobrepeso e peso normal<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22"><sup>22</sup></xref>, o que pode ser explicado pelo fato de o perfil inflamatório de cada indivíduo não ser modelado somente pela obesidade e que indivíduos com sobrepeso podem encontrar-se em homeostase inflamatória, como apontado em outro estudo<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33"><sup>33</sup></xref>.</p>
			<p>Apesar dos benefícios evidenciados nesses estudos primários e na ausência de efeitos colaterais, mais pesquisas precisam ser realizadas a respeito dos efeitos do açaí sob os mediadores anti-inflamatórios, pois os estudos selecionados não são padronizados e o tamanho das amostras são reduzidas. Além disso, é necessário analisar os efeitos a longo prazo, em diferentes populações, considerando a dose do açaí e o perfil nutricional e metabólicos dos indivíduos.</p>
			<p>Os resultados apresentados pelos artigos selecionados podem ser utilizados como base para a criação de medidas para a promoção de saúde, pois ela pressupõe uma concepção que não restrinja a saúde à ausência de doença, mas que atue sobre seus condicionantes e determinantes<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34"><sup>34</sup></xref><sup>).</sup></p>
			<p>Dentre os trabalhos selecionados, sete trabalhos analisaram a relação do consumo de açaí com os níveis de glicose e insulina<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref>. Destes, seis estudos não observaram alteração nos níveis de glicose<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref> e apenas um estudo observou aumento no nível de glicose, sendo o aumento de 7,3% após a ingestão de açaí<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref>. Essa divergência pode ser explicada devido ao não cumprimento das orientações, por parte dos participantes, sobre a forma correta do consumo do suco de açaí, além de terem adicionado outros alimentos, o que pode ter alterado os níveis de consumo de glicose.</p>
			<p>Quatro estudos abordaram os níveis de insulina<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref>. Em dois deles não foram observadas alterações nesse parâmetro<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref>. Nos outros dois, porém, ocorreram mudanças: um estudo relatou redução dos níveis de insulina em jejum<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35"><sup>35</sup></xref>, enquanto outro evidenciou elevação dos níveis de insulina pós-prandial em homens<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref>. Esse aumento é uma resposta normal do organismo e possui o objetivo de regular os níveis de glicose no sangue depois de uma refeição. Contudo, o aumento de insulina pós-prandial pode variar entre diferentes alimentos, devido à caracterização nutricional e à composição dos mesmos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36"><sup>36</sup></xref>, o que poderia explicar o resultado encontrado<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37"><sup>37</sup></xref> em relação a insulina.</p>
			<p>Assim, as divergências entre os resultados encontrados podem estar relacionadas às abordagens metodológicas utilizadas, como tipo de amostra e tempo de consumo de açaí nos diferentes estudos.</p>
			<p>Vale mencionar as limitações apresentadas nos trabalhos analisados, pois alguns apresentam reduzido número de amostra<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref>. Além disso, notou-se a ausência de um grupo-controle ou placebo e que a realização de ensaios em humanos com intervenções dietéticas geralmente possui dificuldades em sua realização, por conta do grande número de participantes desistentes no decorrer do acompanhamento<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref>. Salienta-se que um dos trabalhos teve como limitação o tempo reduzido de uso de açaí<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref>. Por último, uma limitação evidenciada foi a determinação se os participantes mantiveram ou não a sua dieta habitual e/ou níveis de atividade física no decorrer da intervenção<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref>.</p>
			<p>Dessa forma, a inclusão do açaí na alimentação pode ter efeitos nos níveis de glicose e insulina. Por outro lado, destaca-se que novos estudos com amostras maiores são necessários em relação aos efeitos do açaí em relação aos níveis de glicose e insulina do ser humano, especialmente considerando que o mesmo pode ter relevância para a reeducação alimentar, a qual é uma medida de promoção à saúde da população<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38"><sup>38</sup></xref>.</p>
			<p>Outro achado relatado no estudo foi o aumento de apo AI em decorrência do aumento do consumo de açaí<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref>, constatando a importância dessa proteína para a produção de partículas de HDL<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37"><sup>37</sup></xref>. Também houve aumento em 23% da ingestão de fibras diárias<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref>, sendo o açaí um alimento rico em fibras, o que contribuiu para um aumento considerável na ingestão de fibras diárias na amostra analisada<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39"><sup>39</sup></xref>.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="conclusions">
			<title>CONCLUSÃO</title>
			<p>Baseada na análise da literatura atual e tendo em vista que o consumo do açaí apresenta diversos benefícios para a saúde, a presente revisão permitiu uma reflexão sobre o tema. Desse modo, foi possível identificar que o impacto do consumo de <italic>Euterpe oleracea</italic> está associado à melhoria de parâmetros inflamatórios, pressão arterial, perfil lipídico e adiposidade, evidenciando a relevância de sua inclusão na dieta da população, especialmente em regiões de baixa renda no Brasil, onde o açaí é amplamente consumido.</p>
			<p>Nesse contexto, a questão norteadora foi respondida e apresentou os resultados discutidos em categorias, destacando as lacunas e os avanços relacionados aos benefícios do açaí. Os achados reforçam a necessidade de pesquisas mais robustas, incluindo estudos realizados com humanos, para fortalecer as evidências sobre o potencial do açaí em atuar como estratégia nutricional e terapêutica. Ademais os resultados deste estudo apontam para benefícios do consumo do açaí para a saúde ao melhor o perfil lipídico e à adiposidade, à prevenção e ao controle de doenças crônicas, além de efeitos positivos nos mediadores inflamatórios e no controle glicêmico e insulinêmico.</p>
		</sec>
	</body>
	<back>
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	</back>
	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="en">
		<front-stub>
            <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5020/18061230.2025.15369</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>REVIEW ARTICLE</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Effects of açaí consumption on human health: a systematic review</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0009-5566-8394</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Costa</surname>
						<given-names>Wesley Thyago Alves da</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>conception and design of the study</role>
					<role>data analysis</role>
					<role>writing, and approval of the final version of the manuscript</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0006-9132-6947</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Jansen</surname>
						<given-names>Rhillary Cardoso</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>conception and design of the study</role>
					<role>data analysis</role>
					<role>writing, and approval of the final version of the manuscript</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0003-2873-8728</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Alcantara</surname>
						<given-names>Anderson Quadros de</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>conception and design of the study</role>
					<role>data analysis</role>
					<role>writing, and approval of the final version of the manuscript</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0003-1213-4305</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Maia</surname>
						<given-names>Fábio Felismino</given-names>
						<suffix>Júnior</suffix>
					</name>
					<role>conception and design of the study</role>
					<role>data analysis</role>
					<role>writing, and approval of the final version of the manuscript</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1903-0720</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Pereira</surname>
						<given-names>Amanda Araújo</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>conception and design of the study</role>
					<role>data analysis</role>
					<role>writing, and approval of the final version of the manuscript</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9580-2756</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Silva</surname>
						<given-names>Lyncoln Eduardo Alves</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>conception and design of the study</role>
					<role>data analysis</role>
					<role>writing, and approval of the final version of the manuscript</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0008-0922-2466</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Jaques</surname>
						<given-names>Lucas Alves</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>conception and design of the study</role>
					<role>data analysis</role>
					<role>writing, and approval of the final version of the manuscript</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9463-4677</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Sabbá</surname>
						<given-names>Amanda da Costa Silveira</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>conception and design of the study</role>
					<role>data analysis</role>
					<role>writing, and approval of the final version of the manuscript</role>
				</contrib>
				<aff id="aff2">
					<institution content-type="original">State University of Pará (Universidade do Estado do Pará (UEPA)) Marabá - Pará - Brazil</institution>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Estado do Pará</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<city>Marabá</city>
						<state>Pará</state>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				</aff>
			</contrib-group>
			<author-notes>
				<fn fn-type="coi-statement" id="fn2">
					<label>CONFLICT OF INTEREST</label>
					<p> There were no conflicts of interest on the part of the researchers.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<abstract>
				<title>ABSTRACT</title>
				<sec>
					<title>Objective:</title>
					<p> To systematically analyze the evidence on the effects of açaí consumption on human health. </p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Method:</title>
					<p> This systematic review followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, adopting the PICO framework for eligibility criteria. Studies published between January 2014 and January 2024 in English, Portuguese, or Spanish were included. The search was conducted in the BVS, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases, using standardized descriptors: açaí, health, child, adolescent, adult, and elderly. The initial selection was conducted using the Rayyan app, with a double-blind review by two researchers, and conflicts were resolved by a third reviewer. Studies involving humans, including clinical trials and observational studies, were included, while research involving animals or invalid methodologies was excluded. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, and its classification as good, fair, or poor, based on selection, comparability, and exposure criteria. The study was registered in PROSPERO, CRD42024512937. </p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Results:</title>
					<p> 75 studies were identified, of which 12 met the inclusion criteria. Eight studies evaluated cardiovascular function, with two observing benefits. Six of the eight studies on lipid profile and adiposity found benefits in anthropometric and inflammatory parameters. Six of the seven studies on antioxidant effects observed a reduction in free radicals. Five of the six studies on inflammatory mediators reported improvement, but none of the six studies on glycemic profile found benefits. </p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Conclusion:</title>
					<p> Açaí consumption has shown benefits to human health with no reported contraindications, but studies are heterogeneous. More studies with representative samples and standardized interventions are needed to evaluate the benefits.</p>
				</sec>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<title>Descriptors:</title>
				<kwd>Euterpe oleracea</kwd>
				<kwd>Health</kwd>
				<kwd>Adolescent</kwd>
				<kwd>Adult</kwd>
				<kwd>Elderly</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<sec sec-type="intro">
				<title>INTRODUCTION</title>
				<p>Açaí (Euterpe oleracea) is one of the most popular foods in the Amazon region, being a fruit of the native palm tree<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref>. With a form of ingestion that covers multiple formats - such as juice, pulp, ice cream, smoothies, jelly, syrup<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> - in addition to its great added nutritional value, recent studies consider açaí to be a functional food, i.e. it can affect one or more target functions in the body beneficially, reduce the risk of disease and provide health maintenance<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>)-(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>Several studies have highlighted that the properties present in açaí are responsible for its beneficial effects on health, since it is a food rich in polyphenols and contains significant amounts of anthocyanins, a substance that belongs to the flavonoid group<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>)-(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref>. Anthocyanins act to modulate lipid metabolism and also have anti-inflammatory properties, which reduce the oxidative stress caused by chronic diseases and consequently their damage to the body<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>As a functional food, açaí has the potential to be used as a nutritional tool for health promotion and has received increasing attention as a strategy to mitigate the impact of chronic non-communicable diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>)-(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref>. These conditions represent global challenges, generating high costs for health systems and reducing the population’s quality of life<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>When it comes to improving blood glucose and blood pressure levels, açaí could be responsible for controlling these pathologies, since its intake has the potential to decrease low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, which could lead to important benefits for individuals and public health, such as preventing and controlling the effects of metabolic syndrome and preventing cardiovascular effects<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>Thus, considering the nutritional action of açaí, its widespread consumption in vulnerable regions throughout Brazil, and its potential role as an ally in health promotion, this study aims to systematically analyse the evidence on the effects of açaí consumption on human health.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="methods">
				<title>METHOD</title>
				<p>This systematic review, which followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, was presented to help systematic review reviewers report in a transparent and standardised way on the review production process<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>Database searches were carried out in the VHL, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase. The descriptors used were those contained in their respective controlled vocabularies, DeCS (Health Science Descriptor), MeSH (Medical Subject Headings), and Emtree, with all related variations: açaí, health, child, adolescent, adult, and elderly. Alternative terms were grouped using the Boolean operator OR, and different terms were grouped using the Boolean operator AND.</p>
				<p>The articles selected by the search strategy were combined with the Rayyan web application for duplicate removal and the first selection stage. The first selection stage consisted of the title and abstract being read by two researchers, with the double-blind option active, and any conflicts being resolved by a third researcher. Finally, the articles considered eligible were thoroughly analysed when fully available to confirm that they met the inclusion criteria.</p>
				<p>Clinical trials, cohort studies, case reports and observational studies investigating the relationship between the consumption of açaí in various forms (juice, pulp, supplements, extracts and other derivatives) and human health were included, including studies on its physiological effects, health benefits or possible risks, published between January 2014 and January 2024, in English, Portuguese or Spanish. The population of interest in this study was individuals of all genders and health conditions. Studies were excluded if they were carried out on animals, or if they did not focus directly on the relationship between açaí consumption and human health, or if their methodology jeopardised the validity of the results, or if they were not available in their entirety.</p>
				<p>Following the PRISMA guidelines, the strategy presented in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Table I</xref> was used to formulate the base of eligibility criteria pre-specified by the PICO framework (participants, intervention, comparability, results).</p>
				<p>
					<table-wrap id="t4">
						<label>Table I</label>
						<caption>
							<title>PICO strategy used to draw up the guiding question and inclusion and exclusion criteria. Belém, Pará, Brazil. 2024.</title>
						</caption>
						<table>
							<colgroup>
								<col/>
								<col/>
							</colgroup>
							<tbody>
								<tr>
									<td align="justify">Population</td>
									<td align="justify">Human beings of any gender and any health condition</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="justify">Intervention</td>
									<td align="justify">Regular consumption of açaí, whether in the form of fresh fruit, juices, supplements, or other derived products.</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="justify">Comparison</td>
									<td align="justify">Groups that do not consume açaí or the same group evaluated without consumption, and after consumption.</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="justify">Results</td>
									<td align="justify">Beneficial or harmful changes due to açaí consumption.</td>
								</tr>
							</tbody>
						</table>
						<table-wrap-foot>
							<fn id="TFN4">
								<p>Source: Authors.</p>
							</fn>
						</table-wrap-foot>
					</table-wrap>
				</p>
				<p>This study aims to answer the following question: What are the repercussions of açaí consumption on human health?</p>
				<p>The search strategy used identified 75 studies with the potential to be selected. With the use of the publication period filter in each database, in which the studies had to be between January 2014 and January 2024, 65 studies remained; also, with the removal of duplicates, 40 publications remained. A screening by reading titles and abstracts to identify fulfillment of the eligibility criteria led to a provisional selection of 18 publications. Of these, five articles could not be retrieved because they were not fully available free of charge, and one was an animal study. After thoroughly analysing the articles, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria and discussed the health effects of regular açaí consumption in humans. A summary of this process is shown in the PRISMA flowchart in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 1</xref>.</p>
				<p>
					<fig id="f2">
						<label>Figure 1</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Flowchart of the process for identifying, screening, and including studies.</title>
						</caption>
						<graphic xlink:href="1806-1230-rbps-38-e15369-gf2.png"/>
						<attrib>Source: Authors. Model adapted from the PRISMA flowchart.</attrib>
					</fig>
				</p>
				<p>The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the methodological quality of primary studies. This instrument awards up to 9 stars, based on three main criteria: selection of participants (maximum of 4 stars), comparability (maximum of 2 stars), and exposure (for prospective or cross-sectional studies) or outcome, for case-control studies (maximum of 3 stars)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>The methodological classification adopted followed three categories: good, reasonable, and poor, as recommended by a previous study<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref>. Studies classified as being of ‘good’ methodological quality should receive 3-4 stars for selection, 1-2 for comparability, and 2-3 for exposure. The ‘reasonable’ category requires 2 stars for selection, 1-2 for comparability, and 2-3 for exposure. On the other hand, ‘poor’ methodological quality applies to studies with a maximum of 1 star in selection, none in comparability, and up to 1 star in exposure<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref>.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="results">
				<title>RESULTS</title>
				<p>The data extracted from each of the 12 primary studies, obtained through the search strategy, were synthesised and are presented in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Chart I</xref>.</p>
				<p>
					<table-wrap id="t5">
						<label>Chart 1:</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Distribution of the studies included in the systematic review, according to author, year of publication, study design, sample data, objective, interventions and positive outcome. Belém, Pará, Brazil. (2014-2024).</title>
						</caption>
						<table>
							<colgroup>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
							</colgroup>
							<thead>
								<tr>
									<th align="center">Author/ Year</th>
									<th align="center">Study design</th>
									<th align="center">Sample size, age group, gender and health status</th>
									<th align="center">Study objective</th>
									<th align="center">Intervention and form of consumption</th>
									<th align="center">Positive outcome</th>
								</tr>
							</thead>
							<tbody>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Alqurashi et al. (2016)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref>
									</td>
									<td align="left">Randomized, double-blind clinical trial</td>
									<td align="left">n=23; 60-65 years old; male; healthy, but with BMI between 25-30kg/m².</td>
									<td align="left">To investigate the effect of açaí consumption on acute changes in vascular function and other markers of disease risk.</td>
									<td align="left">200g smoothie (açaí with banana), in the morning.</td>
									<td align="left">Clinically significant improvements in vascular function in overweight individuals.</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Aranha et al. (2019)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref>
									</td>
									<td align="left">Randomized clinical trial</td>
									<td align="left">n=69; 20-59 years; both sexes; with BMI≥25 kg/m² and at least one alteration in the lipid profile.</td>
									<td align="left">To evaluate the effects of a hypoenergetic diet associated with the consumption of açaí on oxidative and antioxidant stress and inflammatory biomarkers in dyslipidemic and overweight individuals.</td>
									<td align="left">200 g/day of açaí pulp for 60 days at breakfast.</td>
									<td align="left">Reduction of oxidative stress and improvement in the inflammatory state in overweight and dyslipidemic individuals.</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Barbosa et al. 2015<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref>
									</td>
									<td align="left">Nutritional intervention study</td>
									<td align="left">n=35; 18-35 years; female; BMI between 18.5 and 29.9 kg/m².</td>
									<td align="left">To evaluate the effect of açaí pulp in preventing oxidative damage by measuring the antioxidant activity of enzymes and biomarkers of protein oxidation in women.</td>
									<td align="left">200 g/day of açaí pulp for 4 weeks. </td>
									<td align="left">Antioxidant benefit of dietary acai for healthy women.</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Oppitz et al. (2021) <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16"><sup>16</sup></xref>
									</td>
									<td align="left">Randomized clinical trial</td>
									<td align="left">n=30; &gt;18 years; both sexes; affected by chronic tinnitus and some degree of anxiety.</td>
									<td align="left">To investigate the effects of antioxidant supplementation with açaí extract on the discomfort caused by chronic tinnitus and the relationship with anxiety levels and oxidative metabolism.</td>
									<td align="left">100mg/capsule of dry açaí extract, once a day, for 3 months. </td>
									<td align="left">Reduction in the perception and discomfort of tinnitus.</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">
										<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">Liz et al. (2020</xref>)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref>
									</td>
									<td align="left">Single-blind randomized crossover study</td>
									<td align="left">n=30; 19-59 years; both sexes; BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m².</td>
									<td align="left">To evaluate the effects of moderate intake of açaí and juçara juice during fasting on glucose levels, lipid profile and biomarkers of oxidative stress in healthy individuals.</td>
									<td align="left">200 mL/day of juçara or açaí juice for 4 weeks, with a 4-week break.</td>
									<td align="left">Improvement in HDL-c levels and antioxidant enzyme activities, which can contribute to cardiovascular health.</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Pala et al. (2017)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref>
									</td>
									<td align="left">Prospective study</td>
									<td align="left">n=40; 18-35 years; female; healthy, but with BMI between 18.5 and 30 kg/m², without change in body weight &gt; 10% and other parameters.</td>
									<td align="left">Importance of evaluating açaí as a functional food.</td>
									<td align="left">200 g/day of açaí pulp for 4 weeks.</td>
									<td align="left">Improvement in redox metabolism and lipid transfers to HDL.</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">
										<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">Pereira et al. (2015</xref>)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref>
									</td>
									<td align="left">Case-control study</td>
									<td align="left">n=40; 18-35 years; female; PARA&lt;135x85 mmHg, body weight changes below 10%, and fasting blood glucose &lt;100mg/dL</td>
									<td align="left">To evaluate the effect of açaí pulp consumption on inflammatory markers, anthropometric measurements, body composition, biochemical and dietary parameters in healthy women.</td>
									<td align="left">200g/day of açaí pulp for 4 weeks.</td>
									<td align="left">Increased insulin sensitivity in overweight women; reduced PAI-1 in overweight women; improved redistribution of body fat in the eutrophic group; reduced subcutaneous body fat in the eutrophic group; decreased BP in the overweight group.</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Santamarina et al. (2019)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20"><sup>20</sup></xref>
									</td>
									<td align="left">Double-blind randomized clinical trial</td>
									<td align="left">n=27; 31-59 years; both sexes; BMI between 30 and 39.9 kg/m²</td>
									<td align="left">To investigate the effect of juçara pulp ingestion on the inflammatory state of monocytes in obese individuals.</td>
									<td align="left">5 g of juçara pulp freeze-dried for 6 weeks.</td>
									<td align="left">Combats the pro-inflammatory state of obesity.</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">
										<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">Silva; et al. (2020</xref>)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21"><sup>21</sup></xref>
									</td>
									<td align="left">Cross-sectional, retrospective, and analytical study</td>
									<td align="left">n=150; 12-80 years; female; 20 were diabetic, 10 had heart disease, 34 had high blood pressure, 2 had previously had cancer.</td>
									<td align="left">To analyze the relationship between açaí consumption and the presence of chronic diseases in women living in the rural area of ​​São Luís, Maranhão.</td>
									<td align="left">Different consumption numbers per week of açaí juice, pulp, and ice cream.</td>
									<td align="left">The study showed a tendency for açaí to reduce diabetes and hypertension in women.</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Sousa et al. (2018)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22"><sup>22</sup></xref>
									</td>
									<td align="left">Prospective, self-controlled study</td>
									<td align="left">n=31; 18-35 years; female; healthy.</td>
									<td align="left">To evaluate the effect of açaí pulp consumption on biochemical, anthropometric, and dietary variables related to food intake in normal weight and overweight women. </td>
									<td align="left">200g of açaí pulp, for 4 weeks.</td>
									<td align="left">Increased ACTH concentration, reduced PYY and leptin in the eutrophic group; increased ACTH, α-MSH and NT, and reduced WC and ICQ in the overweight group; reduced average caloric intake of both groups after the intervention; improved body composition of overweight women.</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">
										<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">Gale et al. (2014</xref>)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23"><sup>23</sup></xref>
									</td>
									<td align="left">Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial</td>
									<td align="left">n=18; &gt;18 years; both sexes; healthy</td>
									<td align="left">To evaluate the hemodynamic and electrocardiographic conditions of the effects of açaí in a healthy volunteer population.</td>
									<td align="left">500mg gel capsule only once.</td>
									<td align="left">No benefit.</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">
										<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">Jamar et al. (2017</xref>)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref>
									</td>
									<td align="left">Randomized pilot study</td>
									<td align="left">n=36; 31-59 years; both sexes; overweight or obese</td>
									<td align="left">Analyze the effects of juçara supplementation on body composition, metabolic parameters and inflammatory processes.</td>
									<td align="left">50g of açaí pulp for 6 weeks. </td>
									<td align="left">Increased adiponectin and lean mass; reduced body fat.</td>
								</tr>
							</tbody>
						</table>
					</table-wrap>
				</p>
				<p>The results of the methodological quality assessment using the NOS scale are shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Table II</xref>. The classification adopted was good, reasonable, and poor<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref>. Based on this classification, six studies were considered good. Of these, one achieved the maximum score of 9/9, three were considered reasonable, and three were poor.</p>
				<p>
					<table-wrap id="t6">
						<label>Table II</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Assessment of the methodological quality of studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Belém, Pará, Brazil. 2024</title>
						</caption>
						<table>
							<colgroup>
								<col/>
								<col span="3"/>
								<col span="3"/>
								<col span="3"/>
								<col/>
							</colgroup>
							<thead>
								<tr>
									<th align="center">Study</th>
									<th align="center" colspan="3">Selection </th>
									<th align="center" colspan="3">Comparability </th>
									<th align="center" colspan="3">Exhibition </th>
									<th align="center">Result</th>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<th align="left"> </th>
									<th align="center">1</th>
									<th align="center">2</th>
									<th align="center">3</th>
									<th align="center">4</th>
									<th align="center">1</th>
									<th align="center">2</th>
									<th align="center">1</th>
									<th align="center">2</th>
									<th align="center">3</th>
									<th align="center">9/9</th>
								</tr>
							</thead>
							<tbody>
								<tr>
									<td align="justify">Alqurashi et al. (2016)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref>
									</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★ </td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">9/9</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="justify">Aranha et al. (2019)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref>
									</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">7/9</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="justify">Barbosa et al. (2015)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref>
									</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">5/9</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="justify">Oppitz et al. (2021)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16"><sup>16</sup></xref>
									</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">8/9</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="justify">
										<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">Liz et al. (2020</xref>)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref>
									</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">5/9</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="justify">Pala et al. (2017)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref>
									</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">★ </td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">7/9</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="justify">
										<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">Pereira et al. (2015</xref>)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref>
									</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★ </td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">7/9</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="justify">Santamarina et al. (2019)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20"><sup>20</sup></xref>
									</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">7/9</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="justify">
										<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">Silva; et al. (2020</xref>)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21"><sup>21</sup></xref>
									</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">6/9</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="justify">Sousa et al., 2018<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22"><sup>22</sup></xref>
									</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">6/9</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="justify">
										<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">Gale; Kaur; Baker (2014</xref>)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23"><sup>23</sup></xref>
									</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="left"> </td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">8/9</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="justify">
										<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">Jamar et al. (2017</xref>)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref>
									</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">★</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">7/9</td>
								</tr>
							</tbody>
						</table>
						<table-wrap-foot>
							<fn id="TFN5">
								<p>Caption: Scores on the specific item (★), does not score on the specific item (-).</p>
							</fn>
							<fn id="TFN6">
								<p>Source: Authors themselves.</p>
							</fn>
						</table-wrap-foot>
					</table-wrap>
				</p>
				<p>Of the articles selected, eight looked at aspects related to the cardiovascular system<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref><sup>)-(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21"><sup>21</sup></xref><sup>)-(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23"><sup>23</sup></xref>. One randomised clinical trial<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref>, which used the ALT Ultrasound HDI-15000 system (ATL Ultrasound), combined with a semi-automated computerised analysis system (Brachial Analyzer; Medical Imaging Forms), had FMD (Flow-Mediated Dilation) of the brachial artery as the study’s primary outcome measure. In this study, despite the short-term acute intervention, it was observed that there was an improvement in vascular function. In addition, of the eight studies that analysed blood pressure, six did not obtain a significant change in BP<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21"><sup>21</sup></xref><sup>)-(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23"><sup>23</sup></xref> and two observed a reduction in BP<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23"><sup>23</sup></xref>, while one showed a reduction in standing systolic blood pressure (SBP)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23"><sup>23</sup></xref>. The studies reported different ways of measuring blood pressure, such as the average measurement being taken three times with the OMRON-M6 device (HEM-7211-E8), using a questionnaire<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21"><sup>21</sup></xref>, following the protocol recommended by the Brazilian Society of Cardiology in 2016<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22"><sup>22</sup></xref>. One of the studies does not report how the measurement was carried out<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23"><sup>23</sup></xref>, while others used the auscultatory method<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref>, the average of three alternating measurements using the OMRON 795 CP oscillometric device<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref>, and the measurement of blood pressure three times<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref> and using the OMRON® pressure device (model HEM-705CP) <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>Finally, in these studies, blood pressure was measured more than once, but no significant changes were obtained. In addition, the samples in these studies were small.</p>
				<p>Of the studies selected, eight addressed the impact of açaí consumption on lipid metabolism and adiposity<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref><sup>)-(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20"><sup>20</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22"><sup>22</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref>. In addition, six identified benefits such as an improvement in LDL concentrations and modulation of the inflammatory response<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref>; an increase in apolipoprotein A1, the main protein component of HDL, and greater transfer of lipids to HDL, which is essential for its metabolism<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref>; an increase in HDL levels<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref>; and positive effects on anthropometric, biochemical, inflammatory and dietary parameters through the beneficial action of açaí pulp intake. The latter include an increase in insulin sensitivity in overweight women, a reduction and redistribution of body fat, especially in the trunk region; a possible increase in intramuscular and visceral fat, as well as a reduction in subcutaneous fat<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref>; inflammatory modulation in obesity<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20"><sup>20</sup></xref>; regulation of endocrine biomarkers involved in food intake control and an improvement in the body composition of overweight women<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22"><sup>22</sup></xref>; as well as an increase in adiponectin, an increase in lean mass and a reduction in body fat<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref>. However, two studies identified no additional effects on anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and lipid profile<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref><sup>),</sup> and another study found no significant changes in total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL levels<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>The antioxidant effects of açaí were evaluated in seven of the 12 studies selected for this systematic review<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref><sup>)-(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref>. Of these seven studies, only one<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref> did not show a significant reduction in free radicals after intervention with açaí. A double-blind randomised clinical trial<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref> used biomarkers to signal that its patients experienced improvements in antioxidant capacity after the intervention, as did another study that also used this same method to achieve its study objective<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref>. A nutritional intervention study showed that açaí intake increased catalase activity and the body’s total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and, as a consequence, reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A reduction in the serum concentration of carbonyl proteins and an increase in total serum sulphydryl groups were also observed<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref>. Another study which also observed changes in TAC was the prospective study which demonstrated in its analysis that the reactive oxygen species produced by neutrophils decreased by 21% after consuming açaí and TAC levels increased after ingesting açaí, thus suggesting that the fruit has the ability to promote a general improvement in oxidative status<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref>. Two randomised clinical trials have shown that the reduction in free radicals, due to the antioxidant effect of açaí, contributed significantly to disease prevention<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16"><sup>16</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref>. However, a case-control study with a sample of 40 participants found no difference in TAC before and after the açaí intervention<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>Another study that reported on the importance of the antioxidant effect of açaí was a prospective article that did not directly analyse the antioxidant effects using biochemical markers. However, the author recognised the antioxidant effect of açaí in his research<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21"><sup>21</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>Of the articles selected, six analysed the effect of açaí consumption concerning inflammatory mediators<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20"><sup>20</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22"><sup>22</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref>. Of these, the double-blind randomised clinical trial with dyslipidemic and overweight individuals showed a significant decrease in plasma IL-6 levels in the group that consumed açaí, while IFN-γ levels decreased in both the control and experimental groups<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref>. From this perspective, a single-blind randomised clinical trial found that açaí and juçara juice have a high content of bioactive compounds, such as anthocyanins (ACNs), which have a potential anti-inflammatory effect<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref>. Another double-blind randomised clinical trial with obese people showed a reduction in TLR4 and IL-6, and an increase in IL-10 in the experimental group. In addition, a reduction in MYD88 expression was observed in the group that consumed juçara compared to the placebo. There was also a reduction in pIKKα/β and higher levels of Ob-R protein in the juçara group post-treatment compared to pre-treatment. In the juçara group with LPS, there was a reduction in the production of IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1 by monocytes, as well as an increase in IL-10, compared to pre-treatment and compared to the juçara group without LPS<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20"><sup>20</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>A case-control study observed that, for women, the effect of the intervention (consumption of 200g of açaí) in a free-living context over four weeks showed only a change in the increase in PAI-1 in the overweight and normal weight volunteers, as well as a change in EGF and PAI-1 in the overweight group<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref>. On the other hand, a prospective study of overweight and normal-weight women revealed that there was no difference in the profile of inflammatory markers between the groups evaluated<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22"><sup>22</sup></xref>. A randomised, double-blind pilot study with overweight or obese individuals evaluated the inflammatory profile, checking the levels of PAI-1 and adiponectins. The group that used juçara had a significant increase in adiponectin (0.95 μg/mL, p = 0.01), but PAI-1 levels showed no significant changes<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>The double-blind randomised clinical trial with dyslipidemic and overweight individuals showed no differences in glucose levels<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref>. A single-blind randomised crossover study with the consumption of açaí or juçara juice showed that the intake of açaí juice for four weeks raised glucose levels by 7.3%, while juçara juice had no effect<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref>. A randomised double-blind pilot study with overweight or obese individuals found no differences in glucose levels between the group that used juçara and the group that didn’t<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref>. A prospective four-week study of 40 women found that the consumption of 200g of açaí pulp did not alter glucose and insulin levels in the volunteers, but the concentration of APO-I in blood plasma increased after the consumption of açaí, and also showed an increase of approximately 23% in the volunteers’ daily fibre intake<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref>. A double-blind clinical trial of overweight men showed no significant changes in glucose levels between those who took açaí smoothie and those who took placebo, but it is worth mentioning that the experimental group had its first postprandial insulin peak and a higher incremental area under the curve for insulin (iAUC) than the placebo group<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref>. Finally, a nutritional intervention study in women was presented, with no changes in glucose or insulin levels <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref>.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="discussion">
				<title>DISCUSSION</title>
				<p>The studies analysed suggest that the consumption of açaí may be associated with cardiovascular benefits, demonstrating its potential to contribute to promoting the health of this system.</p>
				<p>A randomised clinical trial revealed a possible improvement in vascular function<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref>, suggesting that the presence of polyphenols in açaí could be responsible for this effect. The cardioprotective effect of açaí is described in the literature<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref>, but other compounds may have caused this effect, since the mechanism by which phenolic compounds improve endothelial function is not completely clear. It’s worth pointing out that this improvement may be related to its antioxidant action, which is well described in the literature<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25"><sup>25</sup></xref>. Furthermore, as the study was carried out using an acute, short-term intervention<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref>, it is not possible to say whether this result will be maintained in the long term or whether there will be physiological adaptations that would compensate for the benefits reported in this short-term study.</p>
				<p>Concerning blood pressure, six studies found no significant changes in the population that consumed açaí. However, two studies identified a positive influence for consumption<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21"><sup>21</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23"><sup>23</sup></xref>, with a higher prevalence of hypertension in the population that did not consume açaí<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21"><sup>21</sup></xref>, as well as a reduction in standing systolic blood pressure (SBP) due to the açaí intervention. The reduction in blood pressure due to the açaí intervention has also been recognised in other literature<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26"><sup>26</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27"><sup>27</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>Thus, even though no studies included in this review have reported side effects and some have reported possible benefits of açaí consumption for cardiovascular health, it is not possible to generalise these results due to the heterogeneity of the samples, the lack of standardisation in the studies and in the ways of measuring BP, as well as the small number of samples. However, despite these factors, and due to the high consumption of this food, especially by low-income populations in various regions of Brazil, açaí can become an ally in promoting cardiovascular health, which highlights the need for future research to understand the cardioprotective effect of açaí, as well as to strengthen the findings of this study, since this type of study is not commonly carried out in humans.</p>
				<p>In addition, the effect of açaí consumption on lipid metabolism and adiposity was analysed, as it is known that this is a global pathology, which leads to an increase in pro-inflammatory substances and the genesis and worsening of various diseases, such as cardiovascular, metabolic, respiratory, osteoarticular and neurological diseases, among others<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28"><sup>28</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>Of the eight studies that analysed this parameter, it was possible to identify improvements in LDL concentrations, as well as a modulation of the inflammatory response, resulting in a reduction in cardiovascular risk and regulation of the immune system<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref>. Similar results are found in the literature associating açaí consumption with a reduction in cardiovascular risk, although the heterogeneity of the studies and the need for more work on the topic are always emphasised<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29"><sup>29</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>Despite these positive results, one of the studies did not observe any changes in anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, or lipid profile during the intervention period<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref>. This lack of impact may indicate that factors other than açaí consumption may influence these parameters or that the duration of the intervention may not have been sufficient to observe significant changes.</p>
				<p>Although two studies found no significant changes in total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL levels<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref>, one study identified an increase in HDL concentrations in patients who consumed juçara juice regularly<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref>. In addition, another study identified changes in anthropometric and biochemical parameters following açaí consumption, including an increase in insulin sensitivity and redistribution of body fat, especially in overweight women<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>Inflammatory modulation, endocrine regulation<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20"><sup>20</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22"><sup>22</sup></xref>, and the potential of açaí as a tool to tackle obesity and its metabolic complications were not uncommon factors in the literature researched for this study<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>One study identified a significant increase in adiponectin levels and fat-free mass, along with a reduction in body fat after supplementation with açaí pulp<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref>. These results suggest a potential positive effect of açaí on body composition and lipid metabolism, corroborated by other studies<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>Therefore, more studies on the impact of açaí consumption on improving lipid profile and adiposity need to be carried out. This food clearly has the potential to be used as a nutritional and therapeutic strategy to help combat obesity and, consequently, prevent the onset and worsening of various diseases, which could make açaí an ideal food for maintaining the health of the population.</p>
				<p>Among the selected studies, we highlight seven that reported the antioxidant effects of açaí on the human body<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref><sup>)-(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref>. The articles were thoroughly analysed to contribute to a broad and integrated view of the subject, which considers the impact of consuming functional foods on promoting health and preventing diseases related to oxidative stress.</p>
				<p>A randomized clinical trial showed that oxidative stress contributes to several pathologies such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, and type II diabetes mellitus. Acai, therefore, appears to be an important factor that contributes to the reduction of free radicals with its antioxidant effect<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref>. Similar results were corroborated by other clinical trials, which emphasized the fact that the fruit is rich in polyphenols, with the ability to eliminate free radicals from the body <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref><sup>)-(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16"><sup>16</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>A nutritional intervention study was conducted with 35 women, aged 18 to 35, intending to demonstrate that açaí has ​​a beneficial effect in preventing oxidative damage. The research demonstrated that regular consumption of the pulp increased catalase activity and total antioxidant capacity, decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species and serum concentration of carbonyl proteins, in addition to increasing total serum sulfhydryl groups<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref>. Two other studies contribute to these findings by highlighting, in particular, the positive effects of regular consumption of açaí on plasma antioxidant capacity levels (TAC)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>However, a case-control study did not observe changes in the oxidative parameters of the participants in their research, which is due to several reasons, including the lack of control over the diet of their volunteers <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref>. This variability demonstrates the importance of well-designed studies to control external factors that may influence the results<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30"><sup>30</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>The uniformity in the results between the studies is remarkable, demonstrating a convergence to the possible benefits of açaí consumption for the reduction of free radicals. Almost all of the articles analyzed demonstrated a significant improvement in the biochemical parameters related to the consumption of açaí. Only one study did not observe any change in oxidative parameters after the intervention, however, the author emphasized that this may, possibly be due to the volunteers consuming foods rich in other antioxidants, replacing the antioxidant effect of the anthocyanins in açaí<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>The findings of these studies corroborate existing evidence, highlighting the antioxidant effects of açaí on health, as well as the potential of the fruit as a relevant resource in guiding dietary practices for health promotion and prevention of chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30"><sup>30</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>Of the articles selected for this review, six evaluated the consumption of açaí in the diet, with results that demonstrate the consistency in the studies analyzed concerning the beneficial effects of açaí consumption on inflammatory mediators, with emphasis on people who are overweight or obese<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20"><sup>20</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22"><sup>22</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref>. Furthermore, one of the studies that evaluated healthy individuals states that açaí and juçara juice have a high content of anthocyanin bioactive compounds (ACNs), which have a potential anti-inflammatory effect<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref>. However, a prospective study did not show changes in inflammatory mediators in overweight and normal-weight women<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22"><sup>22</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>The effects found in the analyzed studies are in line with the literature, such as in an in vitro study that demonstrated that the hydroalcoholic extract of the pulp and peel of the açaí berry acted by reducing the elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ, ROS and nitric oxide) and demonstrated the elevation of anti-inflammatory levels of IL-10 in an inflammatory model with macrophages<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31"><sup>31</sup></xref>. Furthermore, an experimental and descriptive study found that the polyphenolic extract of açaí can exert an anti-inflammatory effect on intestinal cells, mediated, at least in part, by the inhibition of ROS and the expression of TLR-4 and NF-κB<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32"><sup>32</sup></xref>. Even so, a prospective study did not show any difference in the concentrations of inflammatory mediators between the overweight and normal weight groups<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22"><sup>22</sup></xref>, which can be explained by the fact that the inflammatory profile of each individual is not shaped solely by obesity and that overweight individuals may be in inflammatory homeostasis, as pointed out in another study<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33"><sup>33</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>Despite the benefits demonstrated in these primary studies and the absence of side effects, more research needs to be carried out on the effects of açaí on anti-inflammatory mediators, as the selected studies are not standardized, and sample sizes are small. Furthermore, it is necessary to analyze the long-term effects in different populations, considering the dose of açaí and the nutritional and metabolic profile of the individuals.</p>
				<p>The results presented by the selected articles can be used as a basis for creating measures for health promotion, as it presupposes a conception that does not restrict health to the absence of disease, but that acts on its conditioning factors and determinants<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34"><sup>34</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>Among the selected studies, seven studies analyzed the relationship between açaí consumption and glucose and insulin levels<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref><sup>)-(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref>. Of these, six studies did not observe changes in glucose levels<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref><sup>)-(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref>, and only one study observed an increase in glucose levels, with an increase of 7.3% after açaí intake<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref>. This discrepancy can be explained by the participants’ failure to follow the instructions on the correct way to consume açaí juice, in addition to having added other foods, which may have altered glucose consumption levels.</p>
				<p>Four studies addressed insulin levels <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref><sup>)-(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref>. In two of them, no changes were observed in this parameter<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref><sup>)-(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref>. In the other two, however, changes occurred: one study reported a reduction in fasting insulin levels<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35"><sup>35</sup></xref>, while another showed an increase in postprandial insulin levels in men<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref>. This increase is a normal response of the body and aims to regulate blood glucose levels after a meal. However, the increase in postprandial insulin may vary between different foods, due to their nutritional characterization and composition<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36"><sup>36</sup></xref>, which could explain the result found<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37"><sup>37</sup></xref> about insulin.</p>
				<p>Thus, the discrepancies between the results found may be related to the methodological approaches used, such as the type of sample and time of açaí consumption in the different studies.</p>
				<p>It is worth mentioning the limitations presented in the analyzed works, as some have a reduced sample size<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref><sup>),(</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref>. Furthermore, it was noted that there was no control or placebo group and that conducting human trials with dietary interventions is often difficult due to the large number of participants who drop out during the follow-up period <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref>. It should be noted that one of the studies had as a limitation of a short period of use of açaí<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref>. Finally, a limitation highlighted was the determination of whether or not the participants maintained their usual diet and/or physical activity levels during the intervention<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>Thus, including açaí in the diet may have effects on glucose and insulin levels. On the other hand, it is worth noting that further studies with larger samples are needed regarding the effects of açaí on glucose and insulin levels in humans, especially considering that it may be relevant for dietary reeducation, which is a measure to promote the health of the population<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38"><sup>38</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>Another finding reported in the study was the increase in apo AI due to increased consumption of açaí<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref>, confirming the importance of this protein for the production of HDL particles<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37"><sup>37</sup></xref>. There was also a 23% increase in daily fiber intake<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref>, with açaí being a food rich in fiber, which contributed to a considerable increase in daily fiber intake in the sample analyzed<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39"><sup>39</sup></xref>.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="conclusions">
				<title>CONCLUSION</title>
				<p>Based on the analysis of current literature and considering that the consumption of açaí has several health benefits, this review allowed a reflection on the topic. Thus, it was possible to identify that the impact of the consumption of Euterpe oleracea is associated with the improvement of inflammatory parameters, blood pressure, lipid profile, and adiposity, highlighting the relevance of its inclusion in the population’s diet, especially in low-income regions in Brazil, where açaí is widely consumed.</p>
				<p>In this context, the guiding question was answered, and the results discussed in categories were presented, highlighting the gaps and advances related to the benefits of açaí. The findings reinforce the need for more robust research, including studies conducted with humans, to strengthen the evidence on the potential of açaí to act as a nutritional and therapeutic strategy. Furthermore, the results of this study point to the health benefits of açaí consumption in improving the lipid profile and adiposity, preventing and controlling chronic diseases, in addition to positive effects on inflammatory mediators and glycemic and insulinemic control.</p>
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